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EMT-Basic > Chapter 6- The Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 6- The Human Body Flashcards

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NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

transverse (axial)

A

top and bottom

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2
Q

coronal (frontal)

A

front and back

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3
Q

sagittal (lateral)

A

left and right

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4
Q

articular cartilage

A

covers the ends of bones that allows them to glide easily

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5
Q

synovial fluid

A

enables the ends of bones to glide over each other

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6
Q

foramen magnum

A

the base of the cranium that is the passageway for the spinal cord to connect to brain

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7
Q

radius

A

the lateral or thumb side of forearm

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8
Q

ulna

A

the medial or little finger side of forearm

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9
Q

carpals

A

8 bones that form wrist

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10
Q

metacarpals

A

5 bones that extend from the carpals and form the palm of the hand

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11
Q

acetabulum

A

where the pelvis articulates with the femur bone of the leg at the hip joint

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12
Q

tibia

A

shinbone

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13
Q

fibula

A

lies on the lateral side of the lower leg

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14
Q

patella

A

kneecap

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15
Q

skeletal (voluntary) muscle

A

attaches to the bones of the skeleton and forms the major muscle mass of the body

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16
Q

smooth muscle

A

found within blood vessels and intestines, considered involuntary muscle

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17
Q

pulmonary capillaries

A

a network of tiny blood vessels that carry CO2 from body to lungs

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18
Q

pleura

A

tissues that cover the lungs

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19
Q

parietal pleura

A

tissue that lines chest wall

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20
Q

visceral pleura

A

tissue covering the lungs

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21
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

the deepest breath you can take after a normal breath

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22
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

the maximum amount of air that you can forcibly breathe out after a normal breath

23
Q

residual volume

A

gas remaining in the lungs after exhalation to keep the lungs open

24
Q

an adult man has a total lung capacity of

A

6,000 mL

25
Q

dead space

A

the portion of the respiratory system that has no alveoli, and little or no exchange of gas between air and blood occurs (mouth, trachea, bronchi)

26
Q

exhaled air contains

A

16% oxygen
3-5% CO2
the rest is nitrogen

27
Q

when CO2 in blood stream builds up

A

pH decreases in CSF

28
Q

stroke volume (SV)

A

the amount of blood moved in one beat

29
Q

cardiac output (CO)

A

the amount of blood moved in 1 minute

30
Q

equation to calculate cardiac output

A

CO = HR x SV

31
Q

depolarization

A

when the electrical charges on the surface of the muscle cell change from positive to negative in the heart

32
Q

repolarization

A

when the heart returns to its resting state and the positive charge is restored to the surface

33
Q

white blood cells

A

play large role in immune system to fight against infection

34
Q

red blood cells

A

carry oxygen

35
Q

platelets

A

form blood clots

36
Q

acetabulum

A

where the pelvis articulates with the femur bone of the leg at the hip joint

37
Q

spleen

A

filters and digests aged blood cells

38
Q

what is the cerebrum responsible for

A
  1. interpreting sights, sounds, and feelings
  2. reasoning and learning
  3. precise muscle movement
39
Q

frontal lobe responsibilities

A

personality, judgement, planning, problem solving, concentration, and self-awareness

40
Q

parietal lobe responsibilities

A

recognition of spatial relationships and integrates sensory info received from body to form perceptions of the worlds around us

41
Q

temporal lobe responsibilities

A

taste, hearing, ability to understand words

42
Q

occipital lobe responsibilities

A

vision

43
Q

cerebellum responsibilities

A

Controls balance, muscle coordination, and posture

44
Q

functions of CSF

A

filters out impurities and toxins
allows brain to shift inside of skull without being damaged

45
Q

somatic nervous system

A

controls activities where there is voluntary control

46
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

controls the body functions that occur without voluntary control

47
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

responsible for the fight-or-flight reaction

48
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

slows the body’s activities or returns the body to its resting state

49
Q

3 major organs in the right upper quadrant of abdomen

A

liver
gallbladder
portion of the colon

50
Q

2 major organs in right lower quadrant of abdomen

A

parts of the large intestine
appendix

51
Q

3 major organs in left upper quadrant of abdomen

A

stomach
spleen
part of colon

52
Q

1 major organ in left lower quadrant of abdomen

A

colon

53
Q

the 2 retroperitoneal organs

A

kidney
pancreas
(lies behind abdominal cavity)

EMT-Basic (34 decks)

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