Chapter 6- The Human Body Flashcards
transverse (axial)
top and bottom
coronal (frontal)
front and back
sagittal (lateral)
left and right
articular cartilage
covers the ends of bones that allows them to glide easily
synovial fluid
enables the ends of bones to glide over each other
foramen magnum
the base of the cranium that is the passageway for the spinal cord to connect to brain
radius
the lateral or thumb side of forearm
ulna
the medial or little finger side of forearm
carpals
8 bones that form wrist
metacarpals
5 bones that extend from the carpals and form the palm of the hand
acetabulum
where the pelvis articulates with the femur bone of the leg at the hip joint
tibia
shinbone
fibula
lies on the lateral side of the lower leg
patella
kneecap
skeletal (voluntary) muscle
attaches to the bones of the skeleton and forms the major muscle mass of the body
smooth muscle
found within blood vessels and intestines, considered involuntary muscle
pulmonary capillaries
a network of tiny blood vessels that carry CO2 from body to lungs
pleura
tissues that cover the lungs
parietal pleura
tissue that lines chest wall
visceral pleura
tissue covering the lungs
inspiratory reserve volume
the deepest breath you can take after a normal breath
expiratory reserve volume
the maximum amount of air that you can forcibly breathe out after a normal breath
residual volume
gas remaining in the lungs after exhalation to keep the lungs open
an adult man has a total lung capacity of
6,000 mL
dead space
the portion of the respiratory system that has no alveoli, and little or no exchange of gas between air and blood occurs (mouth, trachea, bronchi)
exhaled air contains
16% oxygen
3-5% CO2
the rest is nitrogen
when CO2 in blood stream builds up
pH decreases in CSF
stroke volume (SV)
the amount of blood moved in one beat
cardiac output (CO)
the amount of blood moved in 1 minute
equation to calculate cardiac output
CO = HR x SV
depolarization
when the electrical charges on the surface of the muscle cell change from positive to negative in the heart
repolarization
when the heart returns to its resting state and the positive charge is restored to the surface
white blood cells
play large role in immune system to fight against infection
red blood cells
carry oxygen
platelets
form blood clots
acetabulum
where the pelvis articulates with the femur bone of the leg at the hip joint
spleen
filters and digests aged blood cells
what is the cerebrum responsible for
- interpreting sights, sounds, and feelings
- reasoning and learning
- precise muscle movement
frontal lobe responsibilities
personality, judgement, planning, problem solving, concentration, and self-awareness
parietal lobe responsibilities
recognition of spatial relationships and integrates sensory info received from body to form perceptions of the worlds around us
temporal lobe responsibilities
taste, hearing, ability to understand words
occipital lobe responsibilities
vision
cerebellum responsibilities
Controls balance, muscle coordination, and posture
functions of CSF
filters out impurities and toxins
allows brain to shift inside of skull without being damaged
somatic nervous system
controls activities where there is voluntary control
autonomic nervous system
controls the body functions that occur without voluntary control
sympathetic nervous system
responsible for the fight-or-flight reaction
parasympathetic nervous system
slows the body’s activities or returns the body to its resting state
3 major organs in the right upper quadrant of abdomen
liver
gallbladder
portion of the colon
2 major organs in right lower quadrant of abdomen
parts of the large intestine
appendix
3 major organs in left upper quadrant of abdomen
stomach
spleen
part of colon
1 major organ in left lower quadrant of abdomen
colon
the 2 retroperitoneal organs
kidney
pancreas
(lies behind abdominal cavity)
