Chapter 19- GI and Urologic Emergencies Flashcards
acute abdomen
the sudden onset of abdominal pain, often associated with severe, progressive problems that require medical attention
ileus
paralysis of the muscular contractions that normally propel material through the intestine
peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
when the protective layer of mucus lining the stomach and duodenum is eroded, allowing acid to eat into the organ itself over the course of weeks, months, or years
symptoms of peptic ulcer disease
burning or gnawing pain in stomach
Nausea
Vomiting
Belching
Heartburn
If the erosion is severe→ gastric bleeding
symptoms of gallstones
constant, severe pain in right upper or midabdominal region
GI distress
symptoms of pancreatitis
severe pain in upper abdomen and often radiates to back
pain may be worse after eating
nausea and vomiting
abdominal distention
tenderness
symptoms of appendicitis
nausea and vomiting
lack of appetite
fever
chills
rebound tenderness
pain in the right lower quadrant and umbilical area
blood from an upper GI hemorrhage
bright read or has appearance of coffee grounds
blood from a lower GI hemorrhage
dark tarry stools
symptoms of esophagitis
pain when swallowing or feeling of an object stuck in throat
heartburn
nausea
vomiting
sores in mouth
in very bad cases, bleeding
esophageal varices
when the amount of pressure in blood vessels around esophagus increases
symptoms of esophageal varices
Fatigue
Weight loss
Jaundice
Anorexia
Edema in abdomen
Abdominal pain
Nausea and vomiting
symptoms of the rupture of esophageal varices
Sudden-onset discomfort around sternum
Severe difficulty swallowing, vomiting bright red blood, hypotension, and signs of shock
Hematemesis and melena are likely
Spontaneous rupture is often life threatening→ may be significant blood loss
can lead to death in a matter of minutes
mallory-weiss tear
a tear at the junction between esophagus and stomach
symptoms of gastroenteritis
Diarrhea
Abdominal cramping
Nausea and vomiting
Fever
Anorexia
diverticulitis
small defects in colonic wall fail, results in bulging in the wall
symptoms of diverticulitis
Fever
Malaise (general discomfort with no identified exact cause)
Body aches
Chills
Nausea and vomiting
Bleeding is rare
Bleeding is usually bright red and painless
cystitis
bladder inflammation
symptoms of cystitis
lower abdominal pain
urgent and frequent urination
pain and pressure around bladder
tenderness when palpating abdomen over bladder
uremia
when kidneys fail and pt cannot pee
symptoms of chronic renal failure
Lethargy
Nausea
Headaches
Cramps
Edema in extremities and face
symptoms of a serious hernia problem
A reducible mass that is no longer reducible
Pain at the hernia site
Tenderness when the hernia is palpated
Red or blue skin discoloration over the hernia
