Chapter 12- Principles of Pharmacology

Question 1

agonists

Answer 1

medications that cause stimulation of receptors

Question 2

antagonists/blockers

Answer 2

medications that bind to a receptor and block other medications or chemicals from attaching

Question 3

pharmacokinetics

Answer 3

how the body absorbs, distributes, changes, or eliminates a particular substance

Question 4

what factors can alter pharmokinetics?

Answer 4

1. pt with liver/kidney disease
2. shock states
3. altered vital signs
4. medication interactions

Question 5

relative contraindication

Answer 5

means the benefits of administering the drug may outweigh the risks

Question 6

unintended effects

Answer 6

effects that are undesirable but pose little risk to the patient, such as a slight headache after taking nitroglycerin

Question 7

untoward effects

Answer 7

effects that can be harmful to the patient, such as hypotension after taking nitroglycerin

Question 8

enteral medication (an absorbancy)

Answer 8

enter body through digestive system

absorbed slowly

Question 9

parenteral medications (and absorbancy)

Answer 9

enters body by a route other than digestive tract, the skin, or the mucous membranes

absorbed quicker and often more predictable

Question 10

who is per rectum administration used the most for?

Answer 10

most commonly in kids because of the easier administration and more reliable absorption

also used when pt can’t swallow or is unconscious

Question 11

2 problems with oral administration

Answer 11

takes as long as 1 hour

unpredictable medication absorption–> vomiting, diarrhea

Question 12

intraosseous (IO) injection

Answer 12

requires drilling a needle into the outer layer of bone–> reaches bloodstream through bone marrow

Question 13

who are intraosseous injections used for?

Answer 13

pts unconscious from cardiac arrest or extreme shock

Question 14

absorbancy of subcutaneous (SC) injection

Answer 14

absorbed more slowly but lasts longer

Question 15

intramuscular (IM) injection

Answer 15

absorbed quickly

Question 16

problems with intramuscular injection

Answer 16

damages muscle tissue
uneven, unreliable absorption

Question 17

sublingual medication absorption

Answer 17

within minutes

much faster than oral route and protects medications from chemicals in the digestive system

Question 18

If nitroglycerin no longer brings relief to a person in whom it has previously worked

Answer 18

the person may be experiencing an MI instead of an angina attack