Chapter 6 - Respiratory System Flashcards
Respiration pathway
Nares –> nasal cavity –> pharynx –> larynx –> trachea –> bronchi –> bronchioles –> alveoli
Pharynx
Behind nasal cavity
- pathway for air and food
Larynx
Below pharynx
- pathway for air
Glottis
Opening of larynx
- covered by epiglottis during swallowing
Alveoli
Small sacs that interface with the pulmonary capillaries, allowing gases to diffuse across a one- cell thick membrane
Surfactant
Reduces surface tension at the liquid gas interface preventing collapse
Pleurae
Membrane surrounding lungs
- visceral and parietal
Visceral pleura
Lies adjacent to the lung
Parietal pleura
Lines the chest wall
Intrapleural space
Lies between pleurae and contains a thin layer of fluid that lubricates the two plural surfaces
Diaphragm
Divides thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Maximum volume of air and lungs when one inhales completely
- ~ 6-7 L
Residual volume (RV)
Volume of air remaining in lungs when one exhales completely
Vital capacity(VC)
Difference between minimum and maximum volume (TLC - RV)
Tidal volume (TV)
Volume of air inhaled or exhaled in normal breath
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Volume of additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Volume of additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after normal inhalation
Ventilation center
Neurons in medulla oblongata that fire rhythmically to cause regular contractions of respiratory muscles
Pulmonary arteries
Bring deoxygenated blood with high CO2 to lungs
Pulmonary veins
Takes away oxygenated blood with low CO2 from lungs
Lysosome
In the nasal cavity and saliva
- attacks peptidoglycan cell walls of gram-positive bacteria
Macrophages
Engulf and digest pathogens and signal to the rest of the immune system
Mast cells
Have antibodies on their surface, that when triggered, can promote the release of inflammatory chemicals
