Chapter 10 - Homeostasis

Question 1

Excretory system

Answer 1

Serves many functions, including the regulation of blood pressure, blood osmolarity, acid base balance, and removal of nitrogenous wastes

Question 2

Nephron

Answer 2

Functional unit of kidney

Question 3

Glomeruli

Answer 3

Highly convoluted capillary tufts derived from a afferent arterioles

Question 4

Detrusor muscle

Answer 4

Muscular lining of bladder
- Parasympathetic control causes to contract

Question 5

Countercurrent multiplier system

Answer 5

Flow of filtrate through loop of Henle is an opposite direction from flow of blood through vasa recta

Question 6

Internal urethral sphincter

Answer 6

Consists of smooth muscle and is under involuntary control

Question 7

External urethral sphincter

Answer 7

Consists of skeletal muscle and is under voluntary control

Question 8

Filtration

Answer 8

Movement of solutes from blood to filtrate at bowman’s capsule

Question 9

Secretion

Answer 9

Movement of solutes from blood to filtrate anywhere other than bowman’s capsule

Question 10

Reabsorption

Answer 10

Movement of solutes from filtrate to blood

Question 11

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Answer 11

Site of bulk reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, soluble vitamins, salt, and H2O
- Also the site of secretion for hydrogen ions, potassium ions, ammonia, and urea

Question 12

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Answer 12

Responsive to aldosterone and is a site of salt reabsorption and waste product excretion

Question 13

Collecting duct

Answer 13

Responsive to both aldosterone and ADH and has variable permeability, which allows reabsorption of the right amount of H2O depending on body’s needs

Question 14

Skin (integument)

Answer 14

Largest organ of the body
- Acts as a barrier, protecting us from the elements and invasion by pathogens

Question 15

3 layers of the skin

Answer 15

Hypodermis, dermis, and epidermis

Question 16

Epidermis

Answer 16

Composed of five layers

Question 17

Stratum basale

Answer 17

Contain stem cells
- Responsible for proliferation of keratinocytes

Question 18

Stratum spinosum

Answer 18

Site of Langerhans cells

Question 19

Stratum granulosum

Answer 19

Keratinocytes die and lose nuclei

Question 20

Stratum lucidum

Answer 20

Only present in thick, hairless skin (palms, soles)

Question 21

Stratum corneum

Answer 21

Forms barrier that prevents invasion by pathogens

Question 22

Keratin

Answer 22

Resistant to damage
- Protection against injury, water, and pathogens

Question 23

Melanocytes

Answer 23

Produce melanin

Question 24

Melanin

Answer 24

Protects the skin from DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation

Question 25

Langerhans cells

Answer 25

Special macrophages that serve as antigen presenting cells in the skin

Question 26

Dermis

Answer 26

Composed of two layers - Sweat glands, blood vessels, and hair follicles originate here - Sensory receptors

Question 27

Papillary layer

Answer 27

Upper layer - Loose connective tissue

Question 28

Reticular layer

Answer 28

Denser layer below papillary

Question 29

Hypodermis

Answer 29

Layer of connective tissue that connects skin to body - Fat and fibrous tissue