Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm > Chapter 6 - Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is an example of a first-generation antihistamine? (H1-blocker- antagonist)

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is COPD’s pathophysiologic changes?

A

Airway obstruction with increased airway resistance to airflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Major disorders of COPD?

A

Chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, emphysema, asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Reactive airway disease=

A

Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Triggers of asthma

A

hypersensitivity, URI, exercise, air pollutants, resp infections, GERD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Side effects of asthma

A

cough, increased mucus, shortness of breath, wheezing and prolonged expiration, increased CO2 retention, chest tightness. retractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If symptoms of asthma do not respond to usual treatment in 30 mins., client should….

A

seek medical attention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is COPD?

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic airflow limitation. (emphysema and chronic broncitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to patients with COPD?

A

Easily fatigued, frequent resp. infections, use of accessory, muscles to breathe, orthopneic, cor pulmonale (late in disease), thin in appearance, wheezing, pursed-Lip breathing, Chronic Cough, Barrel Chest, dyspnea, prolonged expiratory time, bronchitis- increased sputum, digital clubbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an example of a second-generation antihistamine? (non-sedating antihistamines; little to no effect on sedation)

A

Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Loratadine (Claritin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What should a nurse watch for when taking antihistamines?

A

Drowsiness, tachycardia, dry nose & throat, urinary frequency & hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the action of Benadryl?

A

Competes with histamine for receptor sites

Reduces nasopharyngeal secretions, itching, sneezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Benadryl is used for what?

A

Treats acute and allergic rhinitis, antitussive
Rhinitis-stuffy nose- irritation and swelling of the mucous membranes in nose
Antitussive- relieve dry cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are side effects of Benadryl?

A

Drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, blurred vision, wheezing, photosensitivity, urinary retention, constipation, GI distress, blood dyscrasias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does Benadryl interact with?

A

Increases CNS depression with alcohol and other CNS depressants
Avoid use of MAOI’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 3 systemic decongestants?

A

Ephedrine, Phenylephrine, Pseudoephedrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bronchodilators are

A

B2 adrenergic agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bronchodilator side effects:

A

Tachycardia, headache, irritability, anginal, pain and tremors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bronchodilator (B2 adrenergic agonist) examples

A

Salmeterol (Serevent), Terbutaline (Brethine), Albuterol (Proventil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name 5 topical decongestants

A

Ephedrine, Epinephrine, Phenylephrine, Naphazoline, Tetrahydrozoline (red-eye drops)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Whats the best mucolytic? (gets rid of mucous)

A

Drinking lots of water !!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nasal congestion is caused by what?

A

Dilate nasal blood vessels due to infection, inflammation and allergy
Transudation of fluid into tissue spaces- leads to swelling of nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nasal decongestants stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors to do what?

A
  • Produces nasal vascular vasoconstriction
  • Shrinks nasal mucous membranes
  • Reduces nasal secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Short acting beta2 adrenergic agonists

A

Albuterol, metaproterenol, Terbutaline (systemic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Long acting beta2 adrenergic agonists
albuterol, salmeterol Combination agents -Abuterol and Ipratropium -salmeterol and fluticasone
26
Selective beta 2 adrenergic agonists- terbutaline and metaproterenol. What are there actions and administration?
Action: relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi Administraiton: Oral, inhalation, subQ
27
Side effects of terbutaline and metaproterenol.
tremors, restlessness, anxiety, headaches, nervousness, tachycardia, palpitations, dysrhythmias, hyperglycemia
28
Beta2-adrenergic agonists | Pharmacokinetics
Minimally absorbed by the GI tract Inhaled forms absorbed from the respiratory tract Metabolized in the liver Excreted in urine and stool
29
Beta2 adrenergic agonists | Pharmacodynamics and pharmacotherapeutics
Dynamics- bronchodilation | therapeutics- asthma and COPD
30
Decongestants can ___ ___ ___!!
dry you OUT
31
Intranasal Glucocorticoids
Fluticasone (Flonase) | Triamcinolone (Nasacort)
32
How do systemic decongestants work?
vasoconstriction through alpha-adrenergic receptors in blood vessels of the body
33
How do topical decongestants work?
Vasoconstriction through alpha-adrenergic receptors in nasal blood vessels
34
Some nasal decongestants include...
Oxymetazoline (Afrin) Naphazoline (Allerest) Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) Types: nasal spray, nasal drops, tablet, capsule, liquid
35
What are some drug interactions with nasal decongestants?
Sudafed may decrease effect of beta blockers May increase HTN, dysrhythmias with MAOI's May increase restlessness, palpitations with caffeine (coffee, tea)
36
Drug interaction for beta2 adrenergic agonists
beta adrenergic blockers
37
adverse reactions for beta2 adrenergic agonists
brochospasm, tachycardia, palpitations, tremors
38
Ipratropium is a
anticholinergic
39
A person should not use a nasal decongestant for more than __ days
5
40
What are the adverse reactions of systemic and topical nasal decongestants?
Systemic: Nervousness, restlessness, and insomnia, nausea, palpitations, tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, difficulty urinating Topical: Rebound nasal congestion, burning and stinging of nasal mucosa, sneezing, mucosal dryness or ulceration
41
anticholinegics: Ipratropium Pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics
``` Pharmacokinetics Minimally absorbed by the GI tract Inhaled forms exert effects locally Pharmacodynamics Bronchodilation ```
42
anticholinergics: Ipratropium pharmacotherapeutics
Pharmacotherapeutics Asthma (adjunctive therapy) COPD
43
Anticholinergics Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) Ipratropium (Combivent) What is the action and administration?
Action: dilates bronchioles Administration: aerosol inhaler 
44
what is a caution of bronchodilators, anticholinergics?
Narrow-angle glaucoma- is a sudden acute type of glaucoma
45
Anticholinergics: Ipratropium Drug interactions and adverse reactions
``` Drug interactions Uncommon Adverse reactions Paradoxical bronchospasm Tachycardia Nausea and vomiting Nervousness Dry mouth ```
46
Inhaled corticosteroids
Beclomethasone dipropionate Budesonide (Pulmacort) Fluticasone propionate Triamcinolone acetonide- topical
47
Oral corticosteroids
``` Prednisolone Prednisone IV corticosteroids Dexamethasone Hydrocortisone sodium succinate Methylprednisolone sodium succinate ```
48
Pulmicort is for long term management of what
asthma
49
pulmicort is
an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy medication used to suppress the inflammatory response reducing bronchial hyperreactivity
50
Pulmicort is contraindicated with
hypersensitivities to corticosteroids. DO not abruptly switch from oral corticosteroids to inhaled corticosteroids. Use with caution in clients with adrenal and liver problems.
51
Intranasal Glucocoorticoids
Fluticasone (Flonase) | Triamcinolone (Nasacort)
52
Intranasal Glucocorticoids. What is the action and use?
Action: Antiinflammatory Use: Treat allergic rhinitis May be used alone or in combination with H1 antihistamines Dexamethasone should not be used longer than 30 days to avoid systemic effects. Prescription in USA
53
Corticosteroids | Pharmacokinetics
``` Pharmacokinetics Oral forms: Readily absorbed and metabolized in the liver Inhaled forms: Minimally absorbed (DOES NOT mean not effective) IV forms: Rapid onset ```
54
Corticosteroids pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics | Cytokine, leukotriene, and prostaglandin inhibition; recruit eosinophils; release other inflammatory mediator
55
Corticosteroids pharmacotherapeutics
Pharmacotherapeutics | Asthma
56
advair and spiriva do what
keep the air moving
57
what should you do to the advair tablets?
Crush the tablet in the diskus
58
what should you do to the spiriva capsule?
puncture the capsule in the handihaler
59
Advair contains what?
contains a corticosteroid to decrease inflammation.
60
spiriva prevents what?
brochospasm
61
Corticosteroids | Drug interactions
``` Drug interactions Hormone contraceptives Ketoconazole Macrolide antibiotics Barbiturates Cholestyramine Phenytoin ```
62
``` corticosteroids Adverse reactions (inhaled forms) ```
``` Adverse reactions (inhaled forms) Mouth irritation Oral candidiasis Upper respiratory infection (URI) Cough and hoarseness ```
63
corticosteroids Adverse reactions (oral forms)
``` (oral forms) Nausea and vomiting Headache, insomnia Hyperglycemia Growth suppression in children ```
64
What is the most common antitussive? (anti-cough)
Nyquil - dextromethorphan hydrobromide
65
Dextromethorphan is one of the most active ingredients in many OTC ____ _______?
Cough medicines Ex: Mucinex DM, Robitussin, Nyquil, Vicks, TheraFlu, etc. Forms: syrup, tablet, spray and lozenge
66
Due to this, detromethorphan degrades over time and loses its purity
Is unstable
67
A type of mucolytic, acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) does what?
Liquifies and loosens thick mucus secretions
68
How should Mucomyst be administered?
5 min. after a bronchodilator, should not be mixed with other drugs
69
This is an antidote for acetaminophen overdose if given within 12-24 hours
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) | -given orally, diluted in juice or soft drink
70
A type of Expectorant
Guaifenesin (Mucinex)
71
What does Mucinex do?
Loosens bronchial secretions by reducing surface tension of secretions, soothes mucous membranes, resp tract fluid production increases
72
What is Mucinex used for and what are possible side effects?
Dry, nonproductive cough | SE: drowsiness, nausea
73
You would not want to take the expectorant- Guaifenesin if you have what?
Right-sided HF or fluid in the lungs
74
Methylxanthines are used for what conditions?
Asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
75
What do methylxanthines do?
Bronchodilation, inflammatory mediator reduction, bronchospasm reduction
76
Name 2 drugs that are methylxanthines
Aminophylline (Somophyllin) | Theophylline (SloBid)
77
What is the action of methylxanthines?
Relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi, bronchioles increase cAMP (chemical that helps relax smooth muscle) PROMOTING BRONCHODILATION
78
Name two leukotriene receptor antagonists:
Zafirlukast (Accolate) | Montelukast (Singulair)
79
What are leukotriene receptor antagonists used for?
prophylactic and maintenance for chronic asthma
80
How do leukotriene receptor antagonists work?
reduce inflammatory process and decrease bronchoconstriction
81
Why aren't leukotriene receptor antagonists used in emergencies?
Because they are highly protein bound when taken orally
82
leukotriene receptor antagonists side effects:
Dizziness, HA, GI distress, abnormal liver enzymes, nasal congestion, cough, pharyngitis
83
Name two types of aerosol inhalers:
Metered-dose inhaler (MDI) | Dry powdered inhaler (DPI)
84
What should we teach our patient about using bronchodilators (inhalers)?
use inhaler correctly and take care of equipment correctly
85
Frequent dosing of inhalers can cause what?
tremors, nervousness, tachycardia

Pharm (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions