Chapter 3- Neurological and neuromuscular drugs

Question 1

The neuromuscular system consists of what?

Answer 1

Muscles of the body and the nerves that supply them

Question 2

These drugs relieve musculoskeletal pain or spasms and severe musculoskeletal spasticity (stiff, awk movements). They treat acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions and muscle spasticity including MS, cerebral palsy, and stroke.

Answer 2

Skeletal muscle relaxants

Question 3

In general, muscle relaxants are absorbed in the ____, and metabolized in the ___, and excreted by ___

Answer 3

GI tract, liver, kidneys

Question 4

Centrally acting drugs are known to be…?

Answer 4

CNS depressants

Question 5

Common and severe reactions of muscle relaxants include..

Answer 5

common: dizziness, drowsiness
severe: allergic reaction, arrhythmias, bradycardia

Question 6

Which is the most commonly used direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant?

Answer 6

Dantrolene sodium

Question 7

two COMT inhibitors are currently available:

Answer 7

Tolcapone and entacapone

Question 8

COMT inhibitors are used as

Answer 8

adjunctive treatments to carbidopa-levodopa in the management of a patient with Parkinsons who experience wearing off

Question 9

Tolcapone and entracapone are

Answer 9

selective and reversible inhibitors of COMT

Question 10

life threatening reactions to COMT inhibitors include

Answer 10

acute live failure

Question 11

Anticonvulsant drugs inhibit…

Answer 11

neuromuscular transmission

Question 12

the 2 most commonly prescribed anticonvulsant drugs-

Answer 12

phenytoin and phenytoin sodium– they belong to the hydantoin class.

Question 13

what are reactions that can occur with IV administration of hydantoins?

Answer 13

Bradycardia, hypotension, and cardiac arrest

Question 14

Barbiturate Phenobarbital is used less frequently because why?

Answer 14

Its sedative effects

Question 15

This drug is sometimes used for long-term treatment of epilepsy

Answer 15

Phenobarbital

Question 16

central acting skeletal muscle relaxants?

Answer 16

Carisprodol (Soma)
methocarbamol (Robaxin)
cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)

Question 17

Direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxants include?

Answer 17

Dantrolene sodium (most common used)
Diazepam
Baclofen

Question 18

Patients receiving central acting muscle relaxants treat…

Answer 18

-acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions

Question 19

Neuromuscular blocking agents: Nondepolarizing agents do what? (Vecuronium)

Answer 19

Drug therapy aimed at correcting imbalance by use of anticholinergics and dopaminergics

Question 20

anticholinergic drugs do what?

Benztropine (Cogentin)

Answer 20

inhibit the action of ACh in the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 21

Antiparkinsonian drugs: Dopaminergic drugs/dopamine agonists
Ex: Levodopa, cabidopa-levodopoa (sinemet), Amantadine (Symmetrel)

Answer 21

• Stimulate dopamine receptors

- contains drugs that are chemically related

Question 22

Patients taking Levadopa-carbadopa (antiparkinson) should avoid?

Answer 22

Pyridoxine (lima bean)

Question 23

neuromuscular blocking agents include depolarizing and non-depolarizing agents that do what?

Answer 23

• relax muscles during surgery
• reduce muscle spasms during seizures
• manage mechanically ventilated patients
• **this is achieved by blocking ACh action to prevent muscle contraction

Question 24

The only depolarizing agent is ____, used for short term muscle relaxation.

Answer 24

Succinylcholine