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Pharm > Chapter 5-Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 5-Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in right sided heart failure?

A

Blood is backed up within the body

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2
Q

What happens in left sided heart failure?

A

Blood backs up in the lungs

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3
Q

What is preload?

A

Pressure from volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole

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4
Q

What is preload increased?

A
  • Hypervolemia
  • Regurgitation of cardiac valves
  • Heart failure
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5
Q

What is afterload?

A

Resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood

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6
Q

When is afterload increased?

A
  • Hypertension

- Vasoconstriction

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7
Q

Increased workload ALWAYS does what?

A

increases afterload

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8
Q

What are some characteristics of left sided heart failure?

A
  • Cough (crackles/wheezes)
  • Blood-tinged sputum
  • Orthopenea-can breath better leaning over-pressure off of lungs
  • Cyanosis on extremities
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9
Q

What are some characteristics of right sided heart failure?

A
  • Dependent Edema-ankles
  • Chronic nausea, no appetite, weight gain
  • Ascites-enlarged abdominal cavity with fluid
  • Enlarged liver & spleen
  • Distended jugular veins
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10
Q

What lab test is done for HF?

A

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

normal values less 100 pg/mL

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11
Q

What are nonpharmacologic treatments we could tell our patient to utilize?

A
  • Limit salt intake
  • Limit or avoid alcohol intake
  • Stop smoking
  • Decrease saturated fat intake
  • Perform mild exercise
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12
Q

What is the acronym for treating CHF?

A 
U-upright position
N-nitrates
L-lasix
O-oxygen
A-ACE inhibitors
D-digoxin

F-fluids (decrease)
A-afterload (decrease)
S-sodium restriction
T-test (dig level, ABG’s, potassium level)

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13
Q

What time of the day would we most likely want to give our patients their Lasix?

A

Morning because it makes them pee all day

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14
Q

Which are the first line of CHF drugs?

A

Inotropics- dopamine, dobutamine

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15
Q

What do inotropics do?

A

increase the force of heart contractions

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16
Q

What do inotropics treat?

A

Heart failure
SVT
A-fib or flutter

17
Q

These drugs are used with patients with chronic HF because they REDUCE heart contractility (are not use with class IV CHF)

A

Beta blockers

18
Q

These drugs dilate venules and arterioles to improve renal blood flow (promote fluid loss) and decrease blood fluid volume but have a LOT OF SIDE EFFECTS

A

ACE inhibitors

19
Q

These drugs are used if ACE inhibitors are not tolerated but are more expensive and not available in generic form

A

Angiotension-receptor blockers (ARB’s)

20
Q

These drugs reduce conduction of the heart (less contraction)

A

Calcium channel blockers

21
Q

These drugs decrease cardiac afterload (left)/cardiac output, improve renal perfusion and increase fluid loss, and improve circulation to skeletal muscle

A

arteriolar dilators

22
Q

These drugs reduce oxygen demand on the heart

A

vasodilators

23
Q

These drugs reduce vascular fluid volume

A

Diuretics

24
Q

Cardiac glycosides do what?

A

Act on the CNS to slow the heart rate
They do this by boosting intracellular calcium at the cell membrane, enabling stronger heart contractions - inhibits sodium-potassium pump

25
Q

An example of a cardiac glycoside would be what?

A

Digoxin

26
Q

What is the poisonous plant digoxin comes from?

A

Fox glove plant

27
Q

Low _____ levels increase the effects of digoxin and leads to increased risk of toxicity

A

potassium

28
Q

What interferes with digoxin absorption?

A

Antacids (TUMS, milk of magnesia)

29
Q

What should a nurse do before administering Digoxin?

A

Baseline vitals, 1 full min apical pulse (minimum of 60 BPM) check potassium levels

30
Q

Since thyroid affects metabolism, If someone has hyperthyroidism, we should ____ the dose

A

increase

31
Q

If someone has hypothyroidism, we should _____ dose

A

decrease

Pharm (9 decks)

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