Chapter 1- Pharm basics

Question 1

The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs by the body

Answer 1

pharmacokinetics

Question 2

The biochemical and physical effects of drugs and the mechanisms of drug actions

Answer 2

pharmacodynamics

Question 3

the use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases

Answer 3

pharmacotherapeutics

Question 4

Most active component in a plant that reacts with acids to form a salt that’s able to dissolve more readily in body fluids. Most salts end in “-ine” ex: atropine, caffeine, nicotine

Answer 4

Alkaloids

Question 5

Oral drugs use ___ transport because they move from a higher concentration in the GI tract to a lower concentration in the bloodstream

Answer 5

passive

Question 6

Drug absorption can occur within seconds when administered…

Answer 6

sublingually, IV or inhalation

Question 7

What is the first-pass effect?

Answer 7

when drugs from the small intestine are transported to the liver and then metabolized by the liver before being circulated to the rest of the body, it may inactivate the drug, therefore one would need a higher dose

Question 8

Drug distribution refers to what?

Answer 8

the process by which a drug is delivered to the tissues and fluids of the body

Question 9

Metabolism is?

Answer 9

refers to the body’s ability to change a drug from its dosage form to a more water-soluble form that can be excreted

Question 10

Most drugs are metabolized by enzymes in the ___

Answer 10

Liver

Question 11

A drug’s half-life refers to what?

Answer 11

The time it takes for one half of the drug to be eliminated by the body

Question 12

An ___ of a drug interacts with receptors and stimulates a response

Answer 12

Agonist

Question 13

An ____ prevents a response from occuring

Answer 13

Antagonist

Question 14

A drug’s ability to initiate a response after binding with the receptor is called?

Answer 14

Intrinsic activity

Question 15

If a drug acts on a variety of receptors, it is said to be…

Answer 15

nonselective

Question 16

The relationship between a drug’s desired therapeutic effects and its adverse effects is called the..

Answer 16

Therapeutic index (the higher the index, the higher the range of safety and less risk of toxic effects)

Question 17

This is a synergistic effect that occurs when two drugs that produce the same effect are given together and one drug enhances the effect of the other drug.

Answer 17

Potentiation

Question 18

Some adverse drug reactions can mimic pathologic disorders, what is this effect?

Answer 18

Iatrogenic effects

Question 19

What is an idiosyncratic response?

Answer 19

A sensitivity-related adverse reaction that is specific to the individual, sometimes has a genetic cause

Question 20

What are the 5 steps to the nursing process?

Answer 20

1) Assessment
2) Nursing Diagnosis
3) Planning
4) Implementation
5) Evaluation

Question 21

Where do drugs come from?

Answer 21

Plants, animals, minerals

Question 22

How are drugs administered?

Answer 22

Buccal (cheek), sublingual (under tongue), translingual (on tongue), gastric (G-tube), intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, oral, rectal & vaginal, respiratory, subcutaneous, topical, specialized infusions

Question 23

Lipid-soluble drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier and so can water-soluble? T/F

Answer 23

False, lipid-soluble drugs can and water-soluble CANNOT

Question 24

the portion of a drug that is protein-bound is said to be ___ and cannot exert a therapeutic effect.

Answer 24

Inactive, only free or unbound portions are active. over 80% = highly protein bound

Question 25

Distribution of an absorbed drug within the body depends on 3 factors..

Answer 25

blood flow, solubility, and protein binding

Question 26

Biotransformation refers to what?

Answer 26

The body’s ability to change a drug from its dosage form to a more water-soluble form that can then be excreted.

Question 27

What can affect metabolism?

Answer 27

• certain diseases
• genetics
• environment
• developmental changes

Question 28

What is a drug’s half-life?

Answer 28

Time it takes for t1/2 of the drug to be eliminated by the body

Question 29

Food affects metabolism:
Tyramine can interact with MAO inhibitor (anti-depressant) causing ____
Grapefruit inhibits metabolism of Tegretol and midazolam (Propofol, Diprivan)

Answer 29

1) hypertension