Chapter 1- Pharm basics Flashcards
The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs by the body
pharmacokinetics
The biochemical and physical effects of drugs and the mechanisms of drug actions
pharmacodynamics
the use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases
pharmacotherapeutics
Most active component in a plant that reacts with acids to form a salt that’s able to dissolve more readily in body fluids. Most salts end in “-ine” ex: atropine, caffeine, nicotine
Alkaloids
Oral drugs use ___ transport because they move from a higher concentration in the GI tract to a lower concentration in the bloodstream
passive
Drug absorption can occur within seconds when administered…
sublingually, IV or inhalation
What is the first-pass effect?
when drugs from the small intestine are transported to the liver and then metabolized by the liver before being circulated to the rest of the body, it may inactivate the drug, therefore one would need a higher dose
Drug distribution refers to what?
the process by which a drug is delivered to the tissues and fluids of the body
Metabolism is?
refers to the body’s ability to change a drug from its dosage form to a more water-soluble form that can be excreted
Most drugs are metabolized by enzymes in the ___
Liver
A drug’s half-life refers to what?
The time it takes for one half of the drug to be eliminated by the body
An ___ of a drug interacts with receptors and stimulates a response
Agonist
An ____ prevents a response from occuring
Antagonist
A drug’s ability to initiate a response after binding with the receptor is called?
Intrinsic activity
If a drug acts on a variety of receptors, it is said to be…
nonselective
The relationship between a drug’s desired therapeutic effects and its adverse effects is called the..
Therapeutic index (the higher the index, the higher the range of safety and less risk of toxic effects)
This is a synergistic effect that occurs when two drugs that produce the same effect are given together and one drug enhances the effect of the other drug.
Potentiation
Some adverse drug reactions can mimic pathologic disorders, what is this effect?
Iatrogenic effects
What is an idiosyncratic response?
A sensitivity-related adverse reaction that is specific to the individual, sometimes has a genetic cause
What are the 5 steps to the nursing process?
1) Assessment
2) Nursing Diagnosis
3) Planning
4) Implementation
5) Evaluation
Where do drugs come from?
Plants, animals, minerals
How are drugs administered?
Buccal (cheek), sublingual (under tongue), translingual (on tongue), gastric (G-tube), intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, oral, rectal & vaginal, respiratory, subcutaneous, topical, specialized infusions
Lipid-soluble drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier and so can water-soluble? T/F
False, lipid-soluble drugs can and water-soluble CANNOT
the portion of a drug that is protein-bound is said to be ___ and cannot exert a therapeutic effect.
Inactive, only free or unbound portions are active. over 80% = highly protein bound
