CHAPTER 6 Racial, Ethnic, Cultural (REC) Identity Attitudes in People of Color: Counseling Implications

Question 1

define racial awakening

Answer 1

previous belief system being challenged by social reality regarding one’s race

Question 2

what is the CROSS model of Nigrescence

Answer 2

racial, ethnical, and cultural model for the process of becoming black in therapy

Question 3

define race salience

Answer 3

egree to which race is an important and integral part of a person’s approach to life

Question 4

what are the 4 stages of the Nigrescence model with 7 subtypes

Answer 4

preencounter (assimilation, miseducation, and anti‐Black), encounter, immersion‐emersion (anti‐White, pro‐Black), and internalization (Black nationalist, biculturalist, and multiculturalist).

Question 5

define pre encounter stage

Answer 5

living consciously or unconsciously in devaluation of their own blackness and over valuing whiteness.

Question 6

what are the 3 subtypes to the pre encounter stage

Answer 6

a) preencounter assimilation; (b) preencounter miseducation; and (c) preencounter anti‐Black.

Question 7

define pre encounter assimilation

Answer 7

prefer to fit into white spaces and be assimilated there rather than identify with their blackness.

Question 8

define pre encounter miseduation

Answer 8

internalization of negative messages, but can separate one’s identity from one’s racial group

Question 9

define pre encounter anti black

Answer 9

self hatred of being black (high negative racial salience)

Question 10

what 2 things happen in the encountr stage

Answer 10

event that challenges previous way of thinking (pre encounter)
begin reinterpreting the world
(starts questioning worldviews)

Question 11

what happens in the immersion-emersion stage

Answer 11

person leaves their whiteness to enter into their blackness. interanlizes postive aspects of being black. the person becomes anti white and pro black.

Question 12

what happens in the internaliztion stage

Answer 12

more inner security as cultural identiy is resolved.

Question 13

what 3 types of identity can result from the internalization stage

Answer 13

black nationalist, bi cultural, multicultural

Question 14

define black nationalist identity

Answer 14

high black positive race salience

Question 15

define bi cultural internalization

Answer 15

fusing of blackness and americanness

Question 16

define multicultural internalization

Answer 16

mutliple identity formation including their race, gender, sexual orientation, etc. not just uniquely defined by blackness.

Question 17

what is the R/CID model

Answer 17

racial, cultural, identity development model. framework for therapists to understand the racial, ethnical, and cultural identity of a client

Question 18

what are the 5 levels of development of the R/CID model

Answer 18

conformity, dissonance, resistance and immersion, introspection, and integrative awareness

Question 19

what 4 things does each level describe

Answer 19

the attitude of the person towards themselves, attitude towards others of the same group, attitudes towards others of another oppressed group, attitude towards domininate group

Question 20

4 parts of the stage of conformity

Answer 20

low race salience (self hate or neutral self attitude)
dislike or neutral towards own group,
dislikes or neutroal to other groups
appreciates white people

Question 21

4 parts of the dissonance stage

Answer 21

conflict over self deprecitation and group appreciation
struggles to disregard their own group while having shared experiences with them
difficult seeing how other groups are marginalized and still depreciating them likes yet dislikes whites

Question 22

4 parts of the resistance and immersion stage

Answer 22

appreciates self more
finds more appreciation in own group
empathy towards other minority groups
dislikes whites more

Question 23

4 parts of introspecion stage

Answer 23

seeks justification in liking racial identity
concerns with appreciating own group as being too generalized
sees others as being judged harshly
sees whites as depreciating others

Question 24

4 parts of integrative awarenss

Answer 24

appreciates the self
appreciate sown group
appreciates other marginalized groups
some appreciation of whites

Question 25

define internalized racism

Answer 25

ersons of Color absorb the racist messages that are omnipresent in our society and internalize them (believe the messages of dominant group) - racial self-hatred

Question 26

what are the 3 most common emotions int he resistance immersion state

Answer 26

guilt, shame and anger (towards self and the oppresor)

Question 27

what is the major differecne bteween the introspection stage and the conformity stage

Answer 27

a person in either stage may appear to speak out against the overall standings of their group, however, those in the conformity stage do as such from a self-hatred stance, and those in the introspection stage does so in an objective manner that does not depreciate their own group

Question 28

what is the major sign of the integrative awareness stage

Answer 28

chooses to remove oppression eveyrwhere and sees that it afflict sthe domiant culture negatively as well.

Question 29

are those in the conformity stage likelty to prefer a white counselor

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

what is the major work in racial ethnical and cultural identity therapy in the conformity stage

Answer 30

battling self-deception and allowing tha tperson to see who they are and how they are relating to it and why (use alot of psychoeducation)

Question 31

whom would a person prefer in the resistance immersion stage

Answer 31

a person of a similar race, ethnicity, culture (non white) due to seeing whites as now the enemy

Question 32

what is the primary tool when working with a clent in the resistance immerstion stage

Answer 32

they will be challenging us to establish trustworthiness so we need to use alot of self-disclosure to be seen as credible

Question 33

what ar the 3 parts of trustworthiness

Answer 33

sincereity, opennness, being non defensive

Question 34

what do clients prefer in a therapist during the integrative awareness stage

Answer 34

similarity in attitude to accept and grow in worldview