chapter 3 - Cultural Perspectives and Barriers: The Individual Interplay of Cultural Experiences

Question 1

define culturally deficit models

Answer 1

groups are seen as possessing inferior or dysfunctional values and belief systems

Question 2

define culture

Answer 2

It is the totality of the ideals, beliefs, skills, tools, customs, and institutions into which members of society are born

Question 3

what is the greatest punishment in an Asian culture

Answer 3

to be disowned by their family due to their collectivistic culture

Question 4

what do Africans call their collectivism

Answer 4

groupness

Question 5

when someone wrongs another, do collective society group members feel guilt or shame

Answer 5

shame. guit is felt by individualistic members.

Question 6

in chinese culture why might a client be silent as a response

Answer 6

it is to show reverence to the “older and wiser” counselor.

Question 7

define the Latinx value simpatía,

Answer 7

cultural value of communicating with politeness and warmth and interest in another

Question 8

what culture does not value insight due to thinking that thinking too much causes issues

Answer 8

asian culturs

Question 9

what 5 cultures believe self disclosure is disapproved due to it also reflecting on their families

Answer 9

asian american, latinx, native americans, and polynesian americans.

Question 10

define paralanguage

Answer 10

vocal cues that individuals use to add meaning to their communications. For example, loudness of voice, pauses, silences, hesitations, rate of speech, inflections, and the like all fall into this category

Question 11

during silence in conversation, how might the following view that silence: Russians, French, and Spanish

Answer 11

as one being in agreement

Question 12

how do the British and Arabs use silence

Answer 12

as privacy (non choice in response)

Question 13

what culture speaks softly as they see being loud as a anger and lose of control

Answer 13

asians

Question 14

what country prefers communication to be open, direct, and frank confrontation

Answer 14

the british

Question 15

what 3 cultures see direct and frank communication as immature and rude

Answer 15

Asian Americans, American Indians, and some Latinx Americans

Question 16

what culture prefers to speak with a desk between them

Answer 16

european americans

Question 17

define proxemics

Answer 17

the understanding of one’s personal space

Question 18

define kinesics

Answer 18

the way a person moves their body

Question 19

what 3 things can the japanese see smiling as

Answer 19

embarrassment, discomfort, or shyness

Question 20

what 2 cultures prefer to show very little emotionality as they see it as a sign of lacking maturity or wisdom

Answer 20

chiense and japanese

Question 21

what ancietn culture saw sticking out of the tongue as wisdom

Answer 21

mayan

Question 22

what 2 cultures see putting up one’s feet and showig the bottom of the feet to someone as rude

Answer 22

Asian and Latinx

Question 23

who reads nonverbal cues the best based on demogrpahics

Answer 23

women and POC (developed this skill for survival)

Question 24

what culture tends to prefer a nonlinear, holistic, intuitive, and harmonious approach to life

Answer 24

native americans

Question 25

what culture tends to avoid conflict directly

Answer 25

the chinese - they use deflection instead to maintain harmony

Question 26

what country is very future oriented

Answer 26

america

Question 27

what 2 cultures are more oriented to the present

Answer 27

native americans and black americans

Question 28

what 2 cultures are focused on the past-present

Answer 28

asian american and latin american

Question 29

what society is focused on the past

Answer 29

asian (honoring ancestors)

Question 30

how does the native american characterize time

Answer 30

flowing, circular, harmonis (like nature)

Question 31

how do americans characterize time

Answer 31

fixed/static and categorical (time is money) and as a commodity

Question 32

african americans tend to not have a nuclear family, how is it conceived then instead

Answer 32

as a peoplehood or extended family network as a means of surviving racism

Question 33

americans place value on doing, where do native americans and latinx place such a value

Answer 33

on being or a being in becoming. here and now focus, thus, they will tend to not seek to interfere with another’s path (no manipulation)

Question 34

how does the Latin culture view materialism

Answer 34

it does not seek it but seeks dignity and respect as qualities we are all born with instead.

Question 35

how do european and african americans view our nature as neutral

Answer 35

we are neither good nor bad but our environment shapes us

Question 36

what 2 cultures view humans as innately good

Answer 36

asian and native american

Question 37

how does latin people view our nature

Answer 37

as either good or bad and needs direction and guidance to help it prosper. this guidance is typically from the family or religion.

Question 38

what 4 things can happen when children are needed to translate for the parents in therapy siuations

Answer 38

1- stresses parent-child relationship
2- kids don’t have adequate vocab
3- private info violations with kids learning thigns they shouldn’t
4- kids become parentized

Question 39

is it legal to use parents kids as interpreters

Answer 39

no. it is illegal and discriminatory to not have translators or interpreters available

Question 40

do therapists view the functionality of clients as better orworse in correlation to their SES

Answer 40

worse. aka the poorer they are the worse we perceive their functionality