CHAPTER 5 Sociohistorical Privilege and Oppression: Implications for Counseling and Psychotherapy

Question 1

describe The Tuskegee experiment

Answer 1

1932-1972 - 600 black men from alabama were used as guinea pigs to see what would happen if syphillis went untreated

Question 2

define wealth

Answer 2

wealth refers to all the assets that a family has acquired or inherited, including savings, property, stocks, and/or any other asset with some value.

Question 3

what is the wealth of a white family
of a black family
latin
asian/pacific islander

Answer 3

$25,400
$600
11.200
13,500

Question 4

when faced with the same charges, what is likely to happen to POC compared to white

Answer 4

more likely to be jailed and have longer sentences

Question 5

define ethnocentric monoculturalism

Answer 5

Privileging any one culture with qualities of normalcy, value, and inclusion (focusing on one culture as the only one of value - thus debasing the value of any other)

Question 6

define culture bound

Answer 6

ied to the views and values of one particular culture

Question 7

what are the 5 parts of ethnocentric monoculturalism

Answer 7

belief in superiority of the dominant group
belief in inferiority of other groups
power to impose standards
manifestation in institutions
the invisible veil

Question 8

define belief in superiority of dominant group

Answer 8

sees being as a member of the dominate group as normal and as the best (supremacy)

Question 9

define institutional rascism

Answer 9

policies, priorities, and accepted normative patterns that function to maintain the advantage of the dominant racial group as they restrict the choices, rights, mobility, and access of other racial groups.

Question 10

what is an example of the ability of an ethnocentric monoculture ability to have power to impose their standards

Answer 10

institutional rascism

Question 11

define invisible veil

Answer 11

cultural conditioning that operates beyond our conscious awareness

Question 12

what 6 things were admitted to by the APA by apologizing for upholding systemic racisms

Answer 12

contributing to systemic rascism by upholding the white myth
accepting whiteness as the norm
using data to justify discriminatory policies
creating tests that discriminate against POC
mental health overall comes from white eastern european males and not POC

Question 13

define normality as a statistic

Answer 13

ehaviors that occur most frequently in the population

Question 14

define abnormality as a statistic

Answer 14

behaviors that occur least frequently

Question 15

in what 2 models do we pathologize POC

Answer 15

gentetically deficient model and the culturally deficient model (both are defunct)

Question 16

how do we combat the presence of the deficiency models (what model do we use instead)

Answer 16

the culturally diverse model

Question 17

what are the 3 parts of the perceieved expertness of a therapist

Answer 17

Expertness is typically a function of (a) reputation, (b) evidence of specialized training, and (c) behavioral evidence of proficiency/competency,

Question 18

define credibility

Answer 18

ombination of expertness and trustworthiness

Question 19

what are the 4 parts of a multicultural curriculum

Answer 19

a) a consciousness‐raising component, (b) an affective/experiential component, (c) a knowledge component, and (d) a skills component.

Question 20

define social justice

Answer 20

equal access and opportunity and the elimination of disparities in education, health care, employment, and other areas that lower the quality of life for marginalized groups. A social justice stance requires that mental health professionals consider all dimensions of life as they assess, diagnose, and treat clients and client systems, including individual, group, community, institutional, and societal levels. It flexibly broadens the role of the helping professional to include not only counselor/therapist but also advocate, consultant, psychoeducator, change agent, community worker, and so on.

Question 21

define antiracism

Answer 21

position of standing against racism wherever it resides

Question 22

define radical healing

Answer 22

a way of healing through racism by grounded in collectivism and evolves through the process of critical consciousness, hope, resilience, resistance, and authenticity. (

Question 23

define critical consciousness

Answer 23

ndividuals’ awareness of the influence of sociohistorical forces in their lives such that they able to analyze their sociopolitical environments and then act effectively.

Question 24

define cultural humility for a therapist

Answer 24

espectful openness and work collaboratively with clients to understand the unique intersection of clients’ various aspects of identities and how that affects the developing therapy alliance. (the client is the expert on their culture)