Chapter 6: Quebec Flashcards
Francophone:
those whose mother tongue is french
Anglophones:
mother tongue is english
Allophones:
mother tongue is neither French nor English.
Francophone > Anglophone > Allophone:
Aboriginals are an example of?
Allophone
Francophone > Anglophone > Allophone:
People whose mother tongue is neither french or english and are from montreal?
Allophone
Francophone > Anglophone > Allophone:
An english Quebeccer? mostly around the ottawa valleY?
anglophones
Quebec contains ___% of Canada’s population
- 15.5% of Canada’s land
- 19.7% GDP (gross domestic product)
- ___ % aboriginal population.
23.9; 1.1
Quebec has a _____ (faster/slower) rate of economic expansion.
slower
Quebec has a ____(high/low) birth rate.
low
Quebec has a ___ (high/low) out-migration to Ontario.
high
Quebec has relatively ____ (high/low) unemployment
high
T of F: Quebec is the largest province in Canada
true
Mild ________ (what type?) climate in the St. Lawrence Valley, cold arctic climate found in ________ (inuit lands, north of the __ parallel.)
continental; Nunavut ; 55
Commonly experiences heavy rainfall and _______ rain.
freezing
4 physiographic regions of Quebec:
- Hudson Bay Lowland
- Canadian Shield
- Appalachian uplands
- GL-SL lowlands.
Quebec has arable land in the __________ (physiographic region) is best between Montreal and Quebec.
St. Lawrence Lowlands
In Quebec most Industrial plants are located in which physiographic area?
St. Lawrence Lowlands
Which physiographic region is the largest in Quebec and is noted for its forest products and hydroelectricity?
Canadian shield
Quebec is the strongest supporter of ____, even after Canada ratified it. (environmental challenge)
Kyoto
_______ : – “users pay”, an .8 cent increase in gas prices, funds go to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and to encourage public _______
Kyoto; transport
St. Lawrence badly _______: 10,000 to _______ (#) beluga whales
polluted; 1,000
Population along the St. Lawrence have higher rates of ______then the rest of Quebec, traced back to PAHs (aluminum and magnesium smelters)
cancer
What are the 3 periods of Quebec’s history?
- new france
- british occupation
- Confederation
In the historic period: New France was fuelled by:
the _________ industry
access to interior by the St. Lawrence River, rich ____ found in the St Lawrence lowlands.
fur trade
soil
habitants (peasant farmers), payed their lords (seigneurs). Long and narrow strips of land, different from rectangular style of the English
What type of agricultural system is this?
and what historical quebec period?
seigneurial agricultural system
New France
British Colony: conquest of New France by British in _____ (year) drastically changed the cities: massive influx of British immigrants. Each colonial government was headed by a ________ appointed by England, who had absolute power –> this led to ______,
1760; governor; rebellion
Lord _______ said the minority French had no literature/history, bring in more British and they’ll ________.
Durham; assimilate
British Colony: the french ____ (did/did not) assimilate.
did not
British colony : wanted to remain French and ______ (relgion) and had the church as support in cultural preservation
catholic
Confederation period: guaranteed 3 benefits for Quebec :
- Economic Union with _____, Nova Scotia, and __________.
- A ________ environment where the Roman Catholic Church and the _______ language (to a lesser degree) would be protected.
- Provincial control over ______ and _______.
- Ontario; New Brunswick
- political; french
- education; language
_______ government marked transformation: Provincial government replaced ______ _____ as leader and protector of French culture and language in Quebec.
Quiet ________ instilled pride in being Quebecois.
Lesage; Catholic Church;
Revolution
Lesage government helped establish a confident future for Quebec by _______ (increasing/decreasing) its ownership and control over its economy (political) and to stimulate economic growth through _____ intervention in the marketplace.
After revolution separists were still not happy, there were 2 failed _________.
increasing; state
referendums
Quebec’s share of Canada’s economy and population are _______ (increasing/decreasing), a continental market has challenged the province
decreasing or “slipping”
_____ laws: immigrants are required to put their kids in French speaking schools = ensuring French-speaking population growth
language;
_____(year) Referendum: the Non side won by very slim majority
1995
_____ (year) Supreme Court ruled a Province can’t separate without negotiations and a clear majority
1998
After 1995 _______ became more concerned with economic, social, and health issues
Quebecers
Quebec’s economy is the _______ (first/second) largest of the regions in Canada and is heavily dependent on the ______ sector
manufacturing
Much of Canada’s exports (most exports go to _____ [country]): 25% _______ technology, 55% aerospace, 30% ___________, 40% biotechnology, 45% ___-____ exports
US;
information; pharmaceuticals, high-tech;
In Quebec: _________ has become the most important centre for the new economy
high-tech exports
Developing countries can offer _____ (higher/lower) wages, giving stiff competition to Canadian manufactures
lower
Agricultural and manufacturing core to the _____(north/south) (GL-SL Lowlands), and resource based periphery to the ______ (north/south) -(Canadian Sheild) (like Ontario)
south; north
who has a longer growing season? Ontario or Quebec?
Ontario
• Quebec’s Canadian Shield offers more _________ opportunities than ontario.
hydroelectric
Close proximity of Quebec City and Montreal to the ______(physiographic region) offer great recreational activities (one of Canada’s most popular tourist areas)
Canadian Shield
The ________ river connects Ontario’s and Canada’s manufacturing cores.
St Lawrence
T or F: Quebec’s close proximity to the US makes it Quebec’s greatest trading partner
True
Over 20 auto part firms are located in _______ (A Quebec City), and ship to Ontario and the US
Montreal
What fraction of Canada’s workers are in the tertiary products manufacturing?
75%
What fraction of Canada’s workers are in the secondary products manufacturing?
22%
What fraction of Canada’s workers are in the primary products manufacturing?
3%
Southern Quebec contains what two physiographic regions?
appalachian uplands
st. Lawrence Lowlands
Appalachian uplands : small towns and cities scatter this area, ______ is importnat, but farming is used to help supplement
________ : 187,000 in 2006 (2nd fastest growing from 01-06 because of its proximity to Montreal.)
Fishing
Sherbrooke
What physiographic region is the core of Quebec: for manufacturing and ________ .
St Lawrence lowlands; agriculture
St. Lawrence Lowlands: Hot summer climate coupled with _______ (scarce/abundant) rainfall = great agriculture
abundant
St Lawrence lowlands : ___% of Canada’s 1 million milk cows. Leads the production of dairy products
Most its milk is exported to ______ _______.
37%
other provinces
St Lawrence Lowlands : Montreal: manufacturing in concentrated here, leading _______ centre in Canada
research
Hydro-Quebec: public (Crown) corporations
Crown corps. were started by the _____ government.
Lesage
Hydro-Quebec: public (Crown) corporations
These corps helped transform Quebec’s economy and build a strong _____-speaking business community.
French
Hydro-Quebec: public (Crown) corporations
High precipitation and high elevation of the Canadian shield = great ______ power
hydroelectric
Hydro-Quebec: public (Crown) corporations
Hydroelectric power Canada’s largest electric Utility, ranks _____ (first,second,third) among electric energy production in Canada’s provinces
Profit of $__ billion, and dividends of $__ billion to the province
first
3 billion; 2 billion
Hydro-Quebec: public (Crown) corporations
James Bay Project: includes _________, Great Whale, and _______ river basins.
Largest hydroelectric project in the _____ (Province/ Country/ World) and would transmit power over long distances ;never attempted before.
Le Grande, Nottaway
world
Hydro-Quebec: public (Crown) corporation
Crown corps sell massive amounts of power to the US = recoup _________ costs
construction
Hydro-Quebec: public (Crown) corporations
Hydro-Quebec dramatically changed the ________: altered fish stocks, wildlife habitat, Aboriginal land etc.
environment
Hydro-Quebec: public (Crown) corporations
HydroQuebec Provided lower energy cost for industrial firms to locate in Quebec.
What would this provide for prospective firms?
incentive to locate or do business there. (cheap power)
_____ Hydro (magnesium-smelting plant) took up the offer, but US put ____ on their exports b/c they could sell very cheap (due to cheap power) and was shut down due to competitive _____[country] market
Norsk
duty
China
The James Bay Project:
Announced in ____[year], includes La Grande, _____ ______, and Nottaway-Broadback-Rupert basins.
The project is __ [fraction] the size of Quebec
great Whale
1/5
The James Bay Project:
_________________ (JBNQA): provided land, cash, and the _____ to administer cultural matters (education, health, social services) to ______ peoples. Who in turn allowed the project
James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA)
power
Aboriginal
S. Quebec Forest Industry
• ___% of Canada’s productive forests, ranks first in in the amount of productive forests, but is behind ____ in volume of wood cut
• In 2004, Quebec = 23%, BC = __%
• Quebec produces _____ (more/less) ____ and paper than BC and supplies major US cities where demand for paper is high.
22%; BC
43
more; pulp
S. Quebec: Mining Industry
• ______ mineral production $2.1 billion putting it just behind Ontario and __ (2005) (___% of Canada’s metallic mineral production)
• Lots of towns rely on the ____, resource communities (minerals rely on world markets that go through _______ cycles)
metallic; BC; 16%
mines; boom-bust
S. Quebec’s Tourism
• Natural beauty (cities close to _______ [physiographic region]), historic past, and _________[a ‘phone’] culture
• 2004, ____million tourists: ½ from Quebec, the remaining half: 40% US, __% Canada, 26% foreign countries
• Provides ___ (hot/cold) summers, and snowfall: great winter/summer attractions
• Suffered from rising Canadian dollar, and US war on ______
Canadian Shield; Francophone
7.2; 33%
hot
terrorism
in southern quebec Over __% live in urban centres
80
______(city) is the industrial, commercial, and cultural focus of Quebec
Montreal
______ is the second largest city in Canada
2006, 3.6 million pop.
Montreal
Montreal’s strategic location (St. Lawrence) and economic size =_______ hub of Quebec and the regional core. that makes the rest of Quebec the ______
transportation ; periphery
Montreal is part of Canada’s _______ belt.
It benefited in the early years from the _____ being close to the St. Lawrence, and easy access to France
manufacturing
fur trade
French/English Faultline in Quebec
Quebec government passed a series of _______ laws that obliged businesses to use French and required ________ parents (immigrants) to send their children to French schools = major sore point for a long time, however they are ________ (appearing/disappearing) as it is becoming more accepted, and ppl are ______.
language; allophone; disappearing;
bilingual
French/English Faultline in Quebec
Ontario, _____________, and BC are growing at a more rapid rate, which further threatens Quebec’s culture.
Western Canada
