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Geog 202 > Chapter 6: Quebec > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Quebec Flashcards

1
Q

Francophone:

A

those whose mother tongue is french

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2
Q

Anglophones:

A

mother tongue is english

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3
Q

Allophones:

A

mother tongue is neither French nor English.

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4
Q

Francophone > Anglophone > Allophone:

Aboriginals are an example of?

A

Allophone

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5
Q

Francophone > Anglophone > Allophone:

People whose mother tongue is neither french or english and are from montreal?

A

Allophone

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6
Q

Francophone > Anglophone > Allophone:

An english Quebeccer? mostly around the ottawa valleY?

A

anglophones

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7
Q

Quebec contains ___% of Canada’s population

  • 15.5% of Canada’s land
  • 19.7% GDP (gross domestic product)
  • ___ % aboriginal population.
A

23.9; 1.1

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8
Q

Quebec has a _____ (faster/slower) rate of economic expansion.

A

slower

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9
Q

Quebec has a ____(high/low) birth rate.

A

low

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10
Q

Quebec has a ___ (high/low) out-migration to Ontario.

A

high

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11
Q

Quebec has relatively ____ (high/low) unemployment

A

high

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12
Q

T of F: Quebec is the largest province in Canada

A

true

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13
Q

Mild ________ (what type?) climate in the St. Lawrence Valley, cold arctic climate found in ________ (inuit lands, north of the __ parallel.)

A

continental; Nunavut ; 55

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14
Q

Commonly experiences heavy rainfall and _______ rain.

A

freezing

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15
Q

4 physiographic regions of Quebec:

A
  1. Hudson Bay Lowland
  2. Canadian Shield
  3. Appalachian uplands
  4. GL-SL lowlands.
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16
Q

Quebec has arable land in the __________ (physiographic region) is best between Montreal and Quebec.

A

St. Lawrence Lowlands

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17
Q

In Quebec most Industrial plants are located in which physiographic area?

A

St. Lawrence Lowlands

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18
Q

Which physiographic region is the largest in Quebec and is noted for its forest products and hydroelectricity?

A

Canadian shield

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19
Q

Quebec is the strongest supporter of ____, even after Canada ratified it. (environmental challenge)

A

Kyoto

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20
Q

_______ : – “users pay”, an .8 cent increase in gas prices, funds go to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and to encourage public _______

A

Kyoto; transport

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21
Q

St. Lawrence badly _______: 10,000 to _______ (#) beluga whales

A

polluted; 1,000

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22
Q

Population along the St. Lawrence have higher rates of ______then the rest of Quebec, traced back to PAHs (aluminum and magnesium smelters)

A

cancer

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23
Q

What are the 3 periods of Quebec’s history?

A
  1. new france
  2. british occupation
  3. Confederation
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24
Q

In the historic period: New France was fuelled by:
the _________ industry
access to interior by the St. Lawrence River, rich ____ found in the St Lawrence lowlands.

A

fur trade

soil

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25
Q

habitants (peasant farmers), payed their lords (seigneurs). Long and narrow strips of land, different from rectangular style of the English

What type of agricultural system is this?
and what historical quebec period?

A

seigneurial agricultural system

New France

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26
Q

British Colony: conquest of New France by British in _____ (year) drastically changed the cities: massive influx of British immigrants. Each colonial government was headed by a ________ appointed by England, who had absolute power –> this led to ______,

A

1760; governor; rebellion

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27
Q

Lord _______ said the minority French had no literature/history, bring in more British and they’ll ________.

A

Durham; assimilate

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28
Q

British Colony: the french ____ (did/did not) assimilate.

A

did not

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29
Q

British colony : wanted to remain French and ______ (relgion) and had the church as support in cultural preservation

A

catholic

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30
Q

Confederation period: guaranteed 3 benefits for Quebec :

  1. Economic Union with _____, Nova Scotia, and __________.
  2. A ________ environment where the Roman Catholic Church and the _______ language (to a lesser degree) would be protected.
  3. Provincial control over ______ and _______.
A
  1. Ontario; New Brunswick
  2. political; french
  3. education; language
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31
Q

_______ government marked transformation: Provincial government replaced ______ _____ as leader and protector of French culture and language in Quebec.

Quiet ________ instilled pride in being Quebecois.

A

Lesage; Catholic Church;

Revolution

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32
Q

Lesage government helped establish a confident future for Quebec by _______ (increasing/decreasing) its ownership and control over its economy (political) and to stimulate economic growth through _____ intervention in the marketplace.

After revolution separists were still not happy, there were 2 failed _________.

A

increasing; state

referendums

33
Q

Quebec’s share of Canada’s economy and population are _______ (increasing/decreasing), a continental market has challenged the province

A

decreasing or “slipping”

34
Q

_____ laws: immigrants are required to put their kids in French speaking schools = ensuring French-speaking population growth

A

language;

35
Q

_____(year) Referendum: the Non side won by very slim majority

A

1995

36
Q

_____ (year) Supreme Court ruled a Province can’t separate without negotiations and a clear majority

A

1998

37
Q

After 1995 _______ became more concerned with economic, social, and health issues

A

Quebecers

38
Q

Quebec’s economy is the _______ (first/second) largest of the regions in Canada and is heavily dependent on the ______ sector

A

manufacturing

39
Q

Much of Canada’s exports (most exports go to _____ [country]): 25% _______ technology, 55% aerospace, 30% ___________, 40% biotechnology, 45% ___-____ exports

A

US;

information; pharmaceuticals, high-tech;

40
Q

In Quebec: _________ has become the most important centre for the new economy

A

high-tech exports

41
Q

Developing countries can offer _____ (higher/lower) wages, giving stiff competition to Canadian manufactures

A

lower

42
Q

Agricultural and manufacturing core to the _____(north/south) (GL-SL Lowlands), and resource based periphery to the ______ (north/south) -(Canadian Sheild) (like Ontario)

A

south; north

43
Q

who has a longer growing season? Ontario or Quebec?

A

Ontario

44
Q

• Quebec’s Canadian Shield offers more _________ opportunities than ontario.

A

hydroelectric

45
Q

Close proximity of Quebec City and Montreal to the ______(physiographic region) offer great recreational activities (one of Canada’s most popular tourist areas)

A

Canadian Shield

46
Q

The ________ river connects Ontario’s and Canada’s manufacturing cores.

A

St Lawrence

47
Q

T or F: Quebec’s close proximity to the US makes it Quebec’s greatest trading partner

A

True

48
Q

Over 20 auto part firms are located in _______ (A Quebec City), and ship to Ontario and the US

A

Montreal

49
Q

What fraction of Canada’s workers are in the tertiary products manufacturing?

A

75%

50
Q

What fraction of Canada’s workers are in the secondary products manufacturing?

A

22%

51
Q

What fraction of Canada’s workers are in the primary products manufacturing?

A

3%

52
Q

Southern Quebec contains what two physiographic regions?

A

appalachian uplands

st. Lawrence Lowlands

53
Q

Appalachian uplands : small towns and cities scatter this area, ______ is importnat, but farming is used to help supplement

________ : 187,000 in 2006 (2nd fastest growing from 01-06 because of its proximity to Montreal.)

A

Fishing

Sherbrooke

54
Q

What physiographic region is the core of Quebec: for manufacturing and ________ .

A

St Lawrence lowlands; agriculture

55
Q

St. Lawrence Lowlands: Hot summer climate coupled with _______ (scarce/abundant) rainfall = great agriculture

A

abundant

56
Q

St Lawrence lowlands : ___% of Canada’s 1 million milk cows. Leads the production of dairy products

Most its milk is exported to ______ _______.

A

37%

other provinces

57
Q

St Lawrence Lowlands : Montreal: manufacturing in concentrated here, leading _______ centre in Canada

A

research

58
Q

Hydro-Quebec: public (Crown) corporations

Crown corps. were started by the _____ government.

A

Lesage

59
Q

Hydro-Quebec: public (Crown) corporations

These corps helped transform Quebec’s economy and build a strong _____-speaking business community.

A

French

60
Q

Hydro-Quebec: public (Crown) corporations

High precipitation and high elevation of the Canadian shield = great ______ power

A

hydroelectric

61
Q

Hydro-Quebec: public (Crown) corporations

Hydroelectric power Canada’s largest electric Utility, ranks _____ (first,second,third) among electric energy production in Canada’s provinces

Profit of $__ billion, and dividends of $__ billion to the province

A

first

3 billion; 2 billion

62
Q

Hydro-Quebec: public (Crown) corporations

James Bay Project: includes _________, Great Whale, and _______ river basins.

Largest hydroelectric project in the _____ (Province/ Country/ World) and would transmit power over long distances ;never attempted before.

A

Le Grande, Nottaway

world

63
Q

Hydro-Quebec: public (Crown) corporation

Crown corps sell massive amounts of power to the US = recoup _________ costs

A

construction

64
Q

Hydro-Quebec: public (Crown) corporations

Hydro-Quebec dramatically changed the ________: altered fish stocks, wildlife habitat, Aboriginal land etc.

A

environment

65
Q

Hydro-Quebec: public (Crown) corporations

HydroQuebec Provided lower energy cost for industrial firms to locate in Quebec.

What would this provide for prospective firms?

A

incentive to locate or do business there. (cheap power)

66
Q

_____ Hydro (magnesium-smelting plant) took up the offer, but US put ____ on their exports b/c they could sell very cheap (due to cheap power) and was shut down due to competitive _____[country] market

A

Norsk
duty
China

67
Q

The James Bay Project:
Announced in ____[year], includes La Grande, _____ ______, and Nottaway-Broadback-Rupert basins.

The project is __ [fraction] the size of Quebec

A

great Whale

1/5

68
Q

The James Bay Project:

_________________ (JBNQA): provided land, cash, and the _____ to administer cultural matters (education, health, social services) to ______ peoples. Who in turn allowed the project

A

James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA)
power
Aboriginal

69
Q

S. Quebec Forest Industry
• ___% of Canada’s productive forests, ranks first in in the amount of productive forests, but is behind ____ in volume of wood cut
• In 2004, Quebec = 23%, BC = __%
• Quebec produces _____ (more/less) ____ and paper than BC and supplies major US cities where demand for paper is high.

A

22%; BC
43
more; pulp

70
Q

S. Quebec: Mining Industry
• ______ mineral production $2.1 billion putting it just behind Ontario and __ (2005) (___% of Canada’s metallic mineral production)
• Lots of towns rely on the ____, resource communities (minerals rely on world markets that go through _______ cycles)

A

metallic; BC; 16%

mines; boom-bust

71
Q

S. Quebec’s Tourism
• Natural beauty (cities close to _______ [physiographic region]), historic past, and _________[a ‘phone’] culture
• 2004, ____million tourists: ½ from Quebec, the remaining half: 40% US, __% Canada, 26% foreign countries
• Provides ___ (hot/cold) summers, and snowfall: great winter/summer attractions
• Suffered from rising Canadian dollar, and US war on ______

A

Canadian Shield; Francophone

7.2; 33%

hot

terrorism

72
Q

in southern quebec Over __% live in urban centres

A

80

73
Q

______(city) is the industrial, commercial, and cultural focus of Quebec

A

Montreal

74
Q

______ is the second largest city in Canada

2006, 3.6 million pop.

A

Montreal

75
Q

Montreal’s strategic location (St. Lawrence) and economic size =_______ hub of Quebec and the regional core. that makes the rest of Quebec the ______

A

transportation ; periphery

76
Q

Montreal is part of Canada’s _______ belt.

It benefited in the early years from the _____ being close to the St. Lawrence, and easy access to France

A

manufacturing

fur trade

77
Q

French/English Faultline in Quebec

Quebec government passed a series of _______ laws that obliged businesses to use French and required ________ parents (immigrants) to send their children to French schools = major sore point for a long time, however they are ________ (appearing/disappearing) as it is becoming more accepted, and ppl are ______.

A

language; allophone; disappearing;

bilingual

78
Q

French/English Faultline in Quebec

Ontario, _____________, and BC are growing at a more rapid rate, which further threatens Quebec’s culture.

A

Western Canada

Geog 202 (9 decks)

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