Chapter 10: Territorial North

Question 1

Territorial North is known as a “_______ frontier”

Answer 1

resource

Question 2

Territorial North History:

______ arrived in 16th century. Their dependence and trade increased until ________ replaced it. Later gov’t buildings came along with settlements

Anglican ________ , and Mounties lead to their culture being lost

Answer 2

whalers;
fur trapping

missionaries

Question 3

Territorial North:

_______ policy- relieve the aboriginal people of harsh land hardships, and provide _______. This ended up ______ (decreasing/increasing infant mortality rate

Answer 3

Relocation Policy
amenities
decreasing

Question 4

Northern territories’ urban population is primary located in 3 cities. What are they?

Answer 4

Whitehorse, Yellowknife , Iqualuit

Question 5

In the Territorial North, which territory has the highest aboriginal population? Which has the lowest?

The Territorial North has a steady ____ (out/in) - migration.

Answer 5

Nunavut; Yukon

out

Question 6

The territorial north is viewed as 2 different images:

1. ” A Northern ______” - great wealth just waiting to be discovered.
2. __________ - a sense of place for aboriginals, commitment.

Answer 6

frontier

homeland

Question 7

Physical Geography

o Yukon, NWT< and Nunavut extends over What physiographic regions make up the Territorial North?

topography _____(constant/varies)

Answer 7

Canadian Shield, interior plains, Cordillera and Arctic lands

Varies

Question 8

The territorial North is governed by cold environment. This is due to :
• P________(covers the ground)
• Climate zones include: ______ & ______
• Prevents _____ [vegetation]
• Arctic Archipelego is polar _____
• ______ proves wealth, sedimentary basins- oil, natural gas

Answer 8

Permafrost
arctic & subarctic climate
trees
desert
geology

Question 9

Territorial North - Challenges:
• _____ ______[global catastrophe] is most intense in arctic b/c of albedo being lost as snow melts (more insolation)
o Positive- reduction of ice for greater _______
o Negative- ______ may be affected
Less Caribou could cause cultural/nutritional implications for the ____[aboriginal people] and Inuit people that rely on it.

Answer 9

Global Warming
transportation
wildlife
Dene

Question 10

Territorial North - Challenges:

Gold mining left scars on _________ [city] - _______[element] trioxide is left behind. A quarter of a billion dollars to clean up was left for Ottawa.

Large scale industrial projects cause a negative impact on the environment.

Answer 10

Yellowknife; arsenic

Question 11

Territorial North:
________ Frontier
• Canada received it in _____ [year], and was very laissez-faire with it, it was not a priority until _____[year] (onset of WWII)

Answer 11

Forgotten
1880
1939

Question 12

Territorial North:
_______ Frontier
• With WWII breaking out, many bases were put up in the Northern Territories to create a buffer between North America and ______ _____.
American planes landed and using routes up in this region.

Answer 12

Strategic

Soviet Union

Question 13

Canada seeking _______ of Arctic for Northwest passage

Answer 13

sovereignty

Question 14

Early Resource Development in Territorial North:

Millions spent exploring for _______.

Answer 14

minerals –> oil, lead/zinc,

Question 15

Territorial North Today
• Federal government takes a portion of natural resource revenue and provide ______ payments to provide basic services the Southern Canada has.

Nunavut: ___% of its revenue comes from Ottawa.
______ (lesser/greater) dependency in Yukon/NWT.

Answer 15

transfer
90%
lesser

Question 16

In the Northern Territories :
____% the population is aboriginal.
_______ (higher/lower) birthrate, _____(higher/lower) death rate (because they are all young)
. Migration is a huge factor.

Answer 16

50%
higher birthrate
lower deathrate

Question 17

Economy in Northern Territories:

Hunting/______ are important (mainly cultural)

Answer 17

trapping

Question 18

Economy in Northern Territories:

_______(increasing/decreasing) prices of furs/pelts from animal rights groups has been bad for the economy. Trapping must be supplemented with other income.

Answer 18

decreasing

Question 19

Economy in Northern Territories:

“______ Food” - food obtained from land, preferred source of meat and fish. Alternative to costly store bought, but also intrinsic feature of______. ______ is important component in harvesting.

Answer 19

Country
culture
sharing

Question 20

Economy in Northern Territories:

Depends heavily on primary industries for economy. These primary industries include: _____ and _____.

Answer 20

energy; mining

Question 21

Economy in Northern Territories:

83% of work is in the _____ sector.
A characteristic of resource frontiers in modern industrial nation states.
_______ sector is almost non-existent here.

Answer 21

Tertiary

secondary

Question 22

Economy in Northern Territories:

______ (renewable/nonrenewable) energy dominates the economy.
There are a ____(high/low) amount of exports. It is a _____(highly/not) efficient, ______ intensive industry. The industry employs a relatively _______( high/low) quantity of people and generates ______ (many/few) indirect benefits for the people.

Answer 22

high; highly; capital; low; few

Question 23

In the Northern Territories, _____ is a huge cost - winter/ice roads are a problem for truckers of bulky commodities.

Answer 23

transport

Question 24

Northern Territories’ Resource development problems:
o Small _____ (skilled/unskilled) work force
o Business community has Limited capacity to respond to __________
o “______ _______” : workers spend their money at home, and pay taxes at provincial home.

Answer 24

unskilled; megaprojects

Air Commuting

Question 25

During the Klondike Gold Rush, little regard given to _______ or aboriginals.

Answer 25

environment

Question 26

Northern Territories Megaprojects:

Megaprojects require:

1. > $__ Billion to complete
2. several years to build
3. integrates the Norths economy into the global economy → locks the north into a _______ hinterland.

Answer 26

1 Billion; resource

Question 27

Northern Territories Megaprojects:

Northwest Territories’ Diamonds in _____ diamond mining is backbone of mining industry in North

Answer 27

Ekati

Question 28

Northern Territories Megaprojects:

o Yellowknife is the “pickup point” for commuting _____. There isn’t much cash/tax flowing out. Also a ____ (few/many) diamond cutting/polishing businesses in Yellowknife

Answer 28

miners; few

Question 29

Northern Territories Megaprojects:

Megaprojects fuel the economy of the north, and provide few benefits for the ______ [locals]

Answer 29

aboriginals

Question 30

Northern Territories Megaprojects:

Large scale megaproject operations = short term ____ (boom/bust), and they receive manufactured ______ from other areas

Answer 30

boom; equipment

Question 31

Northern Territories Megaprojects:

•Mackenzie Valley pipeline (_____[year])

Answer 31

1970

Question 32

Northern Territories Megaprojects:

• Norman Wells Project- drilling rig which significantly increased ___[resource] production/supply to ______ (local/southern)markets.
Did this cause social problems with the aboriginal Dene people?

Answer 32

oil; southern

Did not trigger social problems in the community, though Dene wished for land claims to be settled first

Question 33

Northern Territories Megaprojects:
Megaproject Problems:

Boom - bust : _____ [does/does not] long term economic stability

Megaprojects are based on world ______, so _______ [stable/fluctuating] prices = instability

Answer 33

does not;

demand;
fluctuating

Question 34

Northern Territories Megaprojects:

Generating bulk of the GDP, expanding ________ and infrastructure, and providing____ (high/low) wages for the people.

Answer 34

high; transportation

Question 35

Northern Territories Megaprojects:

o Diamond industry has hope as processing of diamond gems happens in _______[city].

Answer 35

yellowknife

Question 36

Northern Territories Megaprojects:

But Megaprojects have failed to transform the north’s _______ so far. They generate profits for corporations, they have not suppored the _______ problem

Answer 36

economy; unemployment

Question 37

Northern Territories Megaprojects

Problem: ___ (some/all/none) the megaprojects are based on non-renewable resources. , and the benefits mainly go to firms/workers in other regions. This creates a state of underdevelopment known as a “___ ____”

Answer 37

all

staple trap;

Question 38

Northern Territories Megaprojects:

Megaprojects are not the engine of the Northern Economy but rather the _____ ____.

Answer 38

Achilles heel

Question 39

Northern Territories Megaprojects:

_____ are the leading industry, but if Mackenzie Gas project proceeds, ________ will become the leading resource by value.

Answer 39

diamonds; natural gas