Chapter 6: Lipids Flashcards
What lipid is the most abundant in our body? Do they dissolve in water?
triglyceride, DON’T dissolve in water
What is the structure of a lipid? What is esterification? What is hydrolysis?
3 fatty acids + glycerol backbone
esterification = forming ester bonds
hydrolysis = release of fatty acids from glycerol using H2O
What determines how solid a fatty acid is? What are saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
its structure
saturated = solid @ room temp, all bonds are single
bonds
unsaturated = liquid @ room temp, one double bond found in chain
What’s a trans fatty acid? What form does it take and why? What foods is it common in?
contains at least 1 double bond, saturated or polyunsaturated bc they have double bonds, common in fried food, desserts, bread, pasta, & salty snacks
What is hydrogenation?
liquid fat is turned into solid fat by adding hydrogen
What are essential fatty acids? What are eicosanoids?
FA that cant be made by the body
eicosanoids = hormone-like compounds that are important regulators of temperature, blood pressure, sleep/wake cycle, blood clotting, etc…
What are examples of saturated fat foods? What are examples of omega-3 foods?
fried foods, omega-3 foods are fish, nuts, & seeds
What are the functions of triglycerides?
compact energy source, insulate & protect the body, fat-soluble vitamin absorption & transport
What roles do essential fatty acids play in the body?
important structural component of cells, keep membranes fluid & flexible
What are the two major roles for phospholipids?
regulate movement in/out of the cell, emulsifier
What are sterols? What is a common sterol and examples of its functions?
type of steroid, a common one is cholesterol, used to make sex & adrenal hormones, bile, cell membranes,& active form of vitamin D
Where is cholesterol found? Can we make cholesterol in our bodies?
found in foods of animal origin, can be made in our bodies
What is the RDA for fat?
20-22 g/dy
What fats do you want to limit?
saturated fat, trans fat, & cholesterol
What is good cholesterol and what is bad cholesterol?
LDL (low density lipoprotein) = bad bc its not absorbed by the body
HDL (high density lipoprotein) = goof bc its absorbed by body
How are lipids transported through the blood and lymphatic system?
transported as lipoproteins
What are lipoproteins? What are the different types and their role in the body?
chylomicrons = move fat from SI to cells VLDL = carry lipids to & from liver to cells LDL = carry cholesterol to & from liver to cells HDL = remove cholesterol from body
What makes HDL the densest? What does it do?
it contains the highest proportion of protein, it removes cholesterol from the body
How does HDL predict the risk of cardiovascular disease?
higher levels of HDL have been associated with a lower risk of CVD & vice versa
What is CVD, how does it develop, and what are its risk factors?
a buildup of fatty deposits on arteries, starts with a damaged blood vessel, risk factors are obesity, poorly controlled diabetes, smoking, physical inactivity, & high cholesterol
What are recommendations for CVD prevention?
lower cholesterol intake, eat more fruit, veg, nuts, & plant oils, increase soluble fiber
