Chapter 6: Lipids

Question 1

What lipid is the most abundant in our body? Do they dissolve in water?

Answer 1

triglyceride, DON’T dissolve in water

Question 2

What is the structure of a lipid? What is esterification? What is hydrolysis?

Answer 2

3 fatty acids + glycerol backbone
esterification = forming ester bonds
hydrolysis = release of fatty acids from glycerol using H2O

Question 3

What determines how solid a fatty acid is? What are saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 3

its structure

saturated = solid @ room temp, all bonds are single
bonds
unsaturated = liquid @ room temp, one double bond found in chain

Question 4

What’s a trans fatty acid? What form does it take and why? What foods is it common in?

Answer 4

contains at least 1 double bond, saturated or polyunsaturated bc they have double bonds, common in fried food, desserts, bread, pasta, & salty snacks

Question 5

What is hydrogenation?

Answer 5

liquid fat is turned into solid fat by adding hydrogen

Question 6

What are essential fatty acids? What are eicosanoids?

Answer 6

FA that cant be made by the body
eicosanoids = hormone-like compounds that are important regulators of temperature, blood pressure, sleep/wake cycle, blood clotting, etc…

Question 7

What are examples of saturated fat foods? What are examples of omega-3 foods?

Answer 7

fried foods, omega-3 foods are fish, nuts, & seeds

Question 8

What are the functions of triglycerides?

Answer 8

compact energy source, insulate & protect the body, fat-soluble vitamin absorption & transport

Question 9

What roles do essential fatty acids play in the body?

Answer 9

important structural component of cells, keep membranes fluid & flexible

Question 10

What are the two major roles for phospholipids?

Answer 10

regulate movement in/out of the cell, emulsifier

Question 11

What are sterols? What is a common sterol and examples of its functions?

Answer 11

type of steroid, a common one is cholesterol, used to make sex & adrenal hormones, bile, cell membranes,& active form of vitamin D

Question 12

Where is cholesterol found? Can we make cholesterol in our bodies?

Answer 12

found in foods of animal origin, can be made in our bodies

Question 13

What is the RDA for fat?

Answer 13

20-22 g/dy

Question 14

What fats do you want to limit?

Answer 14

saturated fat, trans fat, & cholesterol

Question 15

What is good cholesterol and what is bad cholesterol?

Answer 15

LDL (low density lipoprotein) = bad bc its not absorbed by the body
HDL (high density lipoprotein) = goof bc its absorbed by body

Question 16

How are lipids transported through the blood and lymphatic system?

Answer 16

transported as lipoproteins

Question 17

What are lipoproteins? What are the different types and their role in the body?

Answer 17

chylomicrons = move fat from SI to cells
VLDL = carry lipids to & from liver to cells
LDL = carry cholesterol to & from liver to cells
HDL = remove cholesterol from body

Question 18

What makes HDL the densest? What does it do?

Answer 18

it contains the highest proportion of protein, it removes cholesterol from the body

Question 19

How does HDL predict the risk of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 19

higher levels of HDL have been associated with a lower risk of CVD & vice versa

Question 20

What is CVD, how does it develop, and what are its risk factors?

Answer 20

a buildup of fatty deposits on arteries, starts with a damaged blood vessel, risk factors are obesity, poorly controlled diabetes, smoking, physical inactivity, & high cholesterol

Question 21

What are recommendations for CVD prevention?

Answer 21

lower cholesterol intake, eat more fruit, veg, nuts, & plant oils, increase soluble fiber