Chapter 10: Energy Balance

Question 1

Define energy balance, negative energy balance, and positive energy balance.

Answer 1

energy balance = relationship between energy intake & energy expenditure
negative = intake< expenditure, weight loss
positive = intake > expenditure, weight gain

Question 2

4 uses of energy are? What portion spends the greatest amount of energy?

Answer 2

BMR, physical activity, thermic effect of food, thermogenesis (minor), BMR spends greatest amount of energy

Question 3

Define BMR. What factors increase BMR? What factors decrease BMR?

Answer 3

basal metabolic rate
increases = muscle mass, hormones, caffeine & tobacco, gender
decreases = low hormone secretion, restricted calorie intake, less muscle mass, increased age

Question 4

Physical activity increases energy expenditure above basal needs by ________________.

Answer 4

25-40%

Question 5

Energy used by the body is measured by:

Energy use can be estimated based on:

Answer 5

indirect & direct calorimetry, BMR

Question 6

Hunger vs Appetite:

Answer 6

hunger = physiological drive to eat, controlled by internal factors
appetite = psychological drive to eat, affected by external factors

Question 7

What role does the hypothalamus play in energy behavior regulation?

Answer 7

it is the site for regulation & satiety

Question 8

Secretion of what hormones during digestion shuts off hunger?

Answer 8

PPY (peptide YY), GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), CCK (chlorcystokinin)

Question 9

What is BMI? What is the value for underweight, Normal, Overweight, Obese?

Answer 9

body mass index

underweight = <18.5
normal = 18.5-24.99
overweight = 25-29.99
obese = 30+

Question 10

What can lead to steady weight loss?

Answer 10

lower fat/higher carb diet, eating breakfast, self monitoring, physical activity

Question 11

What are different ways to measure fat mass/lean muscle mass?

Answer 11

BMI, BOD POD (space a person takes up in a chamber measured), DEXA (most accurate, estimates body fat, soft tissue & bone minerals)

Question 12

Where might a fad diet fail? When do they succeed?

Answer 12

promise a quick fix, claims too good to be true, based on a single study, list “good” & “bad” food, dire warnings of a product or regimen, succeed bc they lead to quick weight loss

Question 13

What are some consistent lifestyle changes that can help with weight maintenance?

Answer 13

exercise, increasing fruit, veg, & whole grains

Question 14

Disordered eating vs Eating Disorder:

Answer 14

disordered eating = changes in eating pattern

eating disorder = distortion of eating process, occur with mental illness

Question 15

3 Eating Disorders:

Answer 15

bulimia, anorexia, binge-eating

Question 16

Bulimia vs Anorexia:

Answer 16

bulimia = binge eating followed by attempts to purge excess energy
anorexia = loss of appetite, body dismporphia

Question 17

What are ways to prevent eating disorders?

Answer 17

professional help, psychological support, encourage eating when hungry, good nutrition, & self acceptance, discouraging restrictive dieting, skipping meals, & fasting