Chapter 15: Trace Minerals

Question 1

What are the factors that affect iron absorption?

Answer 1

high body demand for RBC, low body stores of iron, heme iron in food, meat protein factor, vitamin C intake, gastric acidity

Question 2

What is the role of iron in anemia, how it is diagnosed, the different stages of anemia, and
how it differs from other types of anemia

Answer 2

anemia caused by inadequate iron intake (microcytic anemia)
at risk: premature infants, children, females of childbearing age, vegetarians
occurs over time
RBC isn’t as red
signs and symptoms: pale skin, fatigue, weakness, lightheadedness, trouble breathing in severe cases and pica for ice.

Question 3

Role of iodine in thyroid function

Answer 3

vital for maintaining normal metabolism, metabolic rate, growth, brain & nervous system development

Question 4

Cretinism and Goiter

Answer 4

cretinism = birth defect to children w/ iodine-deficient mothers, severe mental retardation
goiter = enlarged thyroid gland

Question 5

Trace minerals

Answer 5

iron, iodine, selenium, zinc

Question 6

Iron (Fe)

Answer 6

foods: heme iron- iron part of hemoglobin and myoglobin in animal flesh. nonheme iron- vegetable, grains, and supplements
RDA: 18mg/day for adult women and 8mg/day for men. After menopause 8mg/day
most common trace mineral deficiency worldwide

Question 7

Iodine (I)

Answer 7

Foods: saltwater seafood, seaweed, iodized salt, molasses and dairy products
RDA- 150 micrograms
absorbed efficiently and stored in thyroid gland and excreted in urine
function: component of thyroid hormone for normal metabolism
deficiency- goiter (enlarged thyroid) and cretinism (poor growth)

Question 8

Selenium (Se)

Answer 8

Foods: seafood, meats, cereal grains, nuts
soil dependent
DNA 55micrograms
easily absorbed, excess excreted in urine
deficiency can cause keshan disease
UL- 400 micrograms, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, hairloss, change in nails, skin rashes

Question 9

Zinc (Zn)

Answer 9

foods: protein rich meat and seafood, whole grains
RDA 8-11mg
has a mucosal block
not stored, but is recycled
can be excreted in feces

Question 10

Flouride (F)

Answer 10

foods: fluoridated water, tea, seafood, seaweed
toothpaste and mouthwash
AI: 3-4 mg
easily absorbed and stored in teeth and bones
function: promotes bone and dental health
deficiency- increase in dental cavity
UL: .1mg/kg body weight daily up to 8 years old- mottling or fluorosis with chronic intake