~Chapter 6 - Lecture Section 6.3

Question 1

What are the Modules of the visual system?

Answer 1

• Form
• Colour
• Motion
• Depth
• Location

Question 2

Our visual system contains many modules, but only 1 ___.

Answer 2

percept

Question 3

What is The Binding Problem?

Answer 3

How are individual features combined (bind) to create our perception of a coherent object

Question 4

What does the Dorsal/”How” process when looking at an object?

Answer 4

Depth and Location

Question 5

Who proposed the Feature Integration Theory (FIT)?

Answer 5

Anne Treisman

Question 6

What is the Feature Integration Theory (FIT)?

Answer 6

A theory to explain how an object is broken down into features and how these features are recombined to result in a perception of the object.

Question 7

It’s thought that how the Feature Integration Theory (FIT) works has to do with ___.

Answer 7

It doesn’t get into the how of how it happens, but that maybe it has to do with Synchronous Activation.

Question 8

What is the process of the Feature Integration Theory?

Answer 8

Object in the environment providing Bottom-up information → it is processed at the Preattentive Stage where the features of the object are separated, processed separately by different modules → moves onto Focused Attention stage where the features are combined → this leads to perception

Question 9

The Preattentive Stage uses ___ Processing

Answer 9

Parallel

Question 10

The Focused Attention Stage uses ___ Processing

Answer 10

Serial

Question 11

What does Parallel Processing mean?

Answer 11

All of the objects are processed automatically and in parallel to each other, so the processing of one object or feature doesn’t interfere with the processing of another object or feature

Question 12

What does Serial Processing mean?

Answer 12

It means 1 thing being processed at a time

Question 13

___ is what ___ the features together

Answer 13

Attention // binds

Question 14

What is an Illusory Conjunction?

Answer 14

When different features are put together by mistake

Question 15

In Anne Treisman’s Illusory Conjunction experiment, about ___ of the time, when subjects are describing the shapes, they report false combinations, mixing up the shapes and colours, these different features are put together by mistake.

Answer 15

18%

Question 16

After being flashed an image of a stimulus that has a red circle and a blue triangle for 200ms, the subject is asked what they saw, they report a blue circle and a red triangle, what is this mistake an example of?

Answer 16

Illusory Conjunction

Question 17

What is Balint’s Syndrome?

Answer 17

A condition resulting from damage to a person’s parietal lobe. They can focus on one object at a time, but if multiple objects are presented, they have trouble focusing their attention.

Question 18

Patient R.M. has Balint’s Syndrome and experiences Illusory Conjunctions, what might they report seeing when presented with a Blue “T” and a Red “Q”?

Answer 18

”I see a blue Q”

Mixing the colour and the letter identity with these multiple objects.

Question 19

What is one method used to investigate Feature Integration Theory?

Answer 19

Visual search

Question 20

What is a Feature Search?

Answer 20

A visual search where the subject is asked to find the outlier target, which could differ by 1 primitive feature. This is only differing by 1 feature, and it doesn’t need to be combined with any other feature.

Question 21

What kind of visual search is processed in Parallel?

Answer 21

Feature Search

Question 22

What kind of visual search will be easy to do no matter how many distractors there are?

Answer 22

Feature Search

Question 23

What is a Conjunction Search?

Answer 23

A visual search where 2 features need to be combined to find the outlier target.

Question 24

What kind of visual search is processed Serially?

Answer 24

Conjunction Search. This is requiring the Attention Stage to combine features, therefore it will proceed in a serial manner, where each individual object is processed one at a time.

Question 25

What kind of visual search takes longer the more distractors there are present?

Answer 25

Conjunction Search

Question 26

What is an example of a Conjunction Search?

Answer 26

“Find the green, horizontal bar”

Question 27

What is an example of a Feature Search?

Answer 27

“Find the horizontal bar”

Question 28

What is a Pop-Out Search?

Answer 28

A type of Feature Search where just 1 single feature is distinguishing the target from the distractors.

Question 29

What is an example of a Pop-Out Search?

Answer 29

“Find the O in the group of T’s”

Question 30

What are Visual Primitives?

Answer 30

Items that pop out. Things like line orientation, curvature, color, depth, line ends, motion etc.

Question 31

What are the elements of Visual Primitives similar to?

Answer 31

These elements are similar to the features or elements that Gestaltists were thinking about being combined when they were discussing the Principles of Organization.

Question 32

If the feature will always Pop-out, in other words, it’s being processed by Parallel Preattentive mechanisms, you will always have a ___ reaction time, the target will always be easily detectable no matter how many distractors there are.

Answer 32

low

Question 33

Reaction time for Feature/Pop-Out Search tasks will be ___ and generally ___.

Answer 33

low // flat

Question 34

In a Conjunction Search task, the more distractors there are on average, the ___ it will take you to complete the task.

Answer 34

longer

Question 35

More recently, Feature Integration has been examined through the lens of ___.

Answer 35

Top-Down Information

Question 36

Illusory Conjunctions are fairly easy to induce when using ___ because they are most commonly processed with ___ Processing, so subjects don’t have any real way to recognize or name them.

Answer 36

Abstract shapes, simple geometrical shapes // Bottom-Up

Question 37

In natural vision, where we’re usually looking at real objects, we are operating within a scene, we’re using both ___ and ___, and ___, so Illusory Conjunctions should be fairly rare.

Answer 37

Physical // Semantic Regularities // Scene Schemas

Question 38

When would we experience Illusory Conjunctions in real life?

Answer 38

It is only when very little attention is available, or if the objects are very unfamiliar, where you’d experience these Illusory Conjunctions in real life.

Question 39

Balint’s syndrome is caused by damage to an individual’s ___ lobe.

Answer 39

Parietal

Question 40

A person with Balint’s Syndrome can focus on ___ object(s) at a time but not ___.

Answer 40

one // many

Question 41

What does the Ventral/Temporal/”What” process when looking at an object?

Answer 41

• Motion
• Color
• Form