Chapter 6 Infant Social Development Flashcards
When do infants first show emotion?
at birth
Disgust from babies was first considered a survival tactic to ward off nasty things that could kill the baby. True or false?
true
Stranger anxiety is,
weariness of not knowing someone well, occurs 6-12 months
Separation anxiety is,
distress from separation of attachment figure, occurs 8-14 months
Anger in older infants occur,
when their is goal directed behavior, autonomy is also present, considered to be the terrible two’s, occurs 6/18-36 months
Stubbornness in older infants,
due to understanding and wanting to say “no” to everything as well as needing guidance
Social referencing is,
relying on another person’s emotional reaction to appraise an uncertain situation
Self-conscious emotions occur,
around 18 months and develop throughout life
The two biggest emotions children are guided towards are,
guilt + empathy b/c those are the hardest emotions to understand for children
Emotional Self regulation,
are self soothing behaviors for children to do on their own (i.e. breathing, counting down to 1 from 10, and singing to oneself)
Seduction theory is when,
children who were seduced by adults will have a mental illness later on in life
Erikson’s Psychosocial stages we will focus on are,
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Castration anxiety is,
the fear of loss of a penis
Trust vs. Mistrust is,
tied to attachment due to care
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt is,
being able to do things on their own vs I cannot do things on my own
Parent’s who take good care of their child’s basic needs and supply adequate affection help the child develop,
- initiative
- industry
- autonomy
- trust
trust
Temperament traits are,
innate and can be measured when kids are born due to stability, personality and may differ from sibling to sibling.
There are 9 things that help determine temperament, what are they?
activity level rhythmicity approach-withdrawal adaptability intensity of reaction threshold of responsiveness quality of mood attention span/persistence distractibility
Structure of temperament
easy, difficult, slow-to-warm-up, unclassified/mixture
Easy %
40%
Difficult %
10%
Slow-to-warm-up %
15%
Unclassified/mixture %
35%
Biological basis for Temperament
Inhibited/shy vs. Uninhibited/sociable
Inhibited/shy children,
- react negatively, withdraw
- ^ <3 rate, ^ stress, ^ symptoms from stress
- ^ right hemi frontal cortex activity
Uninhibited/social children,
- react positively, approach
- decrease <3 rate, stress, and symptoms from stress
- ^ left hemi frontal cortex activity
Attachment function, proximity seeking, and working models:
- makes you feel better during times of stress
- reaching out to attachment figure
- gives the child/person a sense of being worthy of love and care
John Bowlby studied?
Ethological Theory of attachment
Attachment takes months to develop in human and is done across species? True or False?
True
Pre-attachment is when,
the child will cry due to need of care
Attachment in the making is when,
attachment is being made, can take up to 6 weeks/6 months to 8 months for the primary care giver
Clear-cut attachment is described between,
a Secured base and a Separation anxiety
Secure base is when,
the child checks in with mom and continues actions
Separation anxiety is when,
the child fears that the mother will not come back and cries
Formation of the reciprocal relationship b/w child and mother is when,
the child has high autonomy and can be comfortable when a stranger is present, occurs 18 months
Harlows Studies
Monkey studies focusing on wire and terrycloth materials comforting the baby, what is more important, comfort or food? The baby monkey liked nurture but would run over to the food every now and then.
Reactive attachment disorder
when a child cannot attach
The strange situation was conducted by who?
Mary Ainsworth
What was the strange situation?
Ainsworth watched mother’s and infants union and separation in Uganda, looked at the behavior of the child and paired attachment styles
The four types of attachment
Secure, avoidant, resistant, and disorganized
Secure attachment 60%
easily soothed by parent under stress
Avoidant attachment 15%
may or may not distress but will avoid mom
Resistant attachment 10%
baby gets upset and stranger soothes the baby ultimately
Disorganized attachment 15%
(newest) these babies do not show any from of stress, play, or security and can be dazed, confused, or show odd behavior
Caregiving and secure attachment
provide for child and attend to them
Caregiving and insecure avoidant attachment
when the parents are basically too busy for the child
Caregiving and insecure anxious attachment
when the parents are inconsistent or provide no levels of care
Caregiving and disorganized attachment
severe psychopathology + use of drugs/alcohol are present
A child is more at risk of a bad temperament if a child has poor attachment with caregivers? True or false
True
Mothers are more like to be the primary caregivers? True or false?
True, then it goes father, siblings, grandparents, and professional care providers
Fathers are considered to be the playmates? True or false
True
