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Psychology Human Growth & Development > Chapter 4 Infant Physical Development > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Infant Physical Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Infant Physical Development, we are looking at what ages?

A

Neonate to 5 years of age.

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2
Q

Physical Growth of infants

A
  • Girls are slightly shorter and lighter than boys
  • they gain baby fat until about 9 months, then get slimmer
  • grow in spurts
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3
Q

You can tell when babies are going through a growth spurt when…

A

they are cranky, they are feverish, and when they have an increase in hunger.

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4
Q

When is the 2nd most rapid growth spurt?

A

Infancy

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5
Q

When is the 1st and 3rd?

A 
1st = prenatal
3rd = adolescence
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6
Q

What are the different type of growth trends?

A

Cephalocaudal and Proximodistal

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7
Q

What is Cephalocaudal?

A

When the lower part of the body grows later than the head. (“Head to tail”)

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8
Q

What is Proximodistal?

A

When the extremities grow later than the head, chest, and trunk. (“Near to far”)

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9
Q

The head is the fastest growing part of the body early in life, This is the _________ trend?

A

cephalocaudal

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10
Q

Skeletal Growth in infants… (Anatomy Review question)

A

Fontanels, sutures, bone shaft, growth plate, and upper epiphysis.

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11
Q

Why are fontanels so important? (2 main reasons)

A

1- allows for head deformation during birth through the vaginal canal
2- allows for brain development to to the age of 2

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12
Q

What happens if there is a genotype problem with the child?

A

Medical intervention can help the child phenotypically

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13
Q

What happens if there is growth plate damage?

A

There will be damaged growth.

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14
Q

Why should we choose breast milk over formula milk?

A

Breast milk has antibodies, vitamins and produces what the baby needs. It also helps mom lose the baby weight due to high metabolic rate and has a low chance of getting pregnant again due to lactation.

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15
Q

What is a wet nurse?

A

Is a woman that is giving a mother her breast milk for the babies formula.

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16
Q

When should you introduce “solid” foods within the babies diet?

A

During the 6 month period of the babies life.

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17
Q

What does this “solid” food look like?

A

Mushy

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18
Q

Should you incorporate more than one food in a babies diet a day?

A

No, you should only incorporate 1 new food item a day due to allergies and GI reactions.

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19
Q

Should you give your baby honey?

A

No, it is bad for babies as it holds a bacteria that they cannot break down yet. It is very thick and they can choke on it as well as it containing a lot of sugar.

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20
Q

Malnutrition and its two types:

A

Marasmus and Kwashiorkor

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21
Q

What is Marasmus?

A

It is a type of malnutrition that results in malnourishment

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22
Q

What is Kwashiorkor?

A

It is a type of malnutrition that results in not having enough protein

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23
Q

What is synaptic pruning?

A

when the neurons that are not being used are eliminated in order to increase the space and efficiency of neural transmissions.

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24
Q

What is branching?

A

connections b/w neurons

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25
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

A protective covering over the axon which allows for fast and efficient transmissions to occur.

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26
Q

Glial cells are…?

A

most abundant cells within the CNS + protect neuron

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27
Q

The fatty substance that builds up on the neurons is _______ and it ________.

A

myelin; speeds up transmissions

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28
Q

The four types of lobes are:

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.

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29
Q

What are indentions of the brain called?

A

Sulci

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30
Q

What are the folds and bumps of the brain called?

A

Gyri

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31
Q

Name the different types of cortexes:

A

Motor, sensory, auditory, visual

32
Q

What does the motor cortex control?

A

fine motor skills, gross motor, writing, etc.

33
Q

What does the sensory cortex control?

A

sensation, fingers, mouth, face, afferent and efferent neurons.

34
Q

What does the auditory cortex control?

A

frequencies and sound

35
Q

What does the visual cortex control?

A

sight

36
Q

What is a motor homunculus?

A

basically shows the part of the body if the body grew in similarity with the cortexes.

37
Q

What is proprioception?

A

When we are aware of where out body parts are without seeing them

38
Q

What is the prefrontal association complex?

A

it allows for planning actions and movements as well as abstract thought

39
Q

Within infancy, which lobe is not as processed or used?

A

Frontal, low filter

40
Q

What is the limbic system and its functions?

A

involved with emotion (amygdala) and memory (hippocampus)

41
Q

Limbic system and abnormal effects:

A

PTSD and multiple personality disorder

42
Q

Frontal lobe functions:

A

planning and abstract thought

43
Q

Temporal lobe functions:

A

hearing

44
Q

Occipital lobe functions:

A

sight

45
Q

Pariteal lobe functions;

A

sensation and perception

46
Q

What separates the left and right hemisphere?

A

Corpos callosum

47
Q

Broca’s area is:

A

production of speech

48
Q

Wrenicke’s area is:

A

speech comprehension

49
Q

Left Hemisphere

A 
sensory information
control of right side of body
verbal abilities
positive emotion 
sequential and analytical processing
50
Q

Right Hemisphere

A 
sensory information
control left side of the body
spatial abilities 
negative emotion
holistic processing
51
Q

The left hemisphere is related to?

A

language and analytical thought

52
Q

Cerebellum’s function is…

A

understanding, balance, and is now tied to social functioning.

53
Q

Why are individuals with autism socially awkward?

A

Their cerebellum is not functioning properly

54
Q

REM decreases substantially when we grow? True or False

A

True

55
Q

We are more likely to wake up during REM sleep? True or False

A

True

56
Q

Sleep is vital because?

A

It helps with stimulating the brain for normal development

57
Q

Boys are more active than girls? True or False

A

True

58
Q

Pavlov introduced what kind of conditioning?

A

Classical Conditioning

59
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

Conditioning one into behaving or reacting in a specific way

60
Q

Parts of classical conditioning include?

A

unconditioned response, conditioned response, unconditioned stimulus, and conditioned stimulus

61
Q

What can be conditioned in infants?

A

Reflexive/involuntary actions

62
Q

Operant Conditioning is harder for babies due to?

A

low voluntary behavior

63
Q

When can you perform operant conditioning on babies?

A

Once they develop behavior, which then can be changed

64
Q

Habituation is…

A

You getting used to something

65
Q

Dishabituation is…

A

recovered or restored behavioral response or habituation

66
Q

We habituate and dishabituate easily to…?

A

Smell and sound

67
Q

Do newborns have the ability to imitate?

A

Yes, they reflex and use their reflex neurons

68
Q

With imitation or reflexing actions, what helps?

A

Play stage

69
Q

Imitation helps generate positive relationships? True or False

A

True

70
Q

When does novelty occur?

A

when a baby starts to understand faces and who their primary care givers are

71
Q

Classical conditioning is…

A

easy to accomplish with neonates

72
Q

Gross motor milestones follow what?

A

Cepholacaudal and Proximodistal trends

73
Q

Pre-reaching is?

A

Palmar grasp

74
Q

Reaching is?

A

Ulnar grasp with two hands and then one (b/w 2-3 months)

75
Q

Ulnar grasp is?

A

adjusting grip to object and helps move objects to other hand (3 1/2 months)

76
Q

Pincer (radial) grasp is?

A

Develops 12 months of life uses phalanges one and two

77
Q

The ulnar grasp:

A

is voluntary and develops around 3-5 months

Psychology Human Growth & Development (14 decks)

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