Chapter 11 Adolescent Physical Development Flashcards
Maturity between boys and girls:
Girls mature quicker than boys, girls peak at age 12 as boys peak at age 13.5
Maturation and weight in girls:
Girls that are lighter mature later, heavier girls mature quicker.
Leptin is:
pubertal timing and allows for hunger to be controlled
SES in Pubertal timing:
The middle class mature earlier due to having an overall balanced life style, not too much and not too little.
Ethnic groups and Maturation:
AA are bigger, Asian Americans are smaller.
Family experiences and Maturation:
Individuals that come from HIGH stress homes tend to increase the likelihood of maturing quicker.
Individuals that also come from homes that have high conflict tend to mature quicker as well.
Secular trends; Motor Skills, Physical size, and sexual maturation:
Generational changes:
- individuals are performing acts sooner that involve hormonal changes
- individuals are becoming bigger and taller
- sexual maturation is happening sooner due to stress and home conflict
What has caused the increase in this secular trend?
Industrial revolution
Food was not as readily available as it was before, so we have more access to food (increased food) and increased labor has been present (increase stress)
Which of the following is NOT a predictor of a girl's pubertal timing? A ethnic group B body fat C geographic location D family conflict
C geographic location
Maturing Hormones and the Endocrine System:
Hypothalamus, Pituitary glands, and gonads (ovaries and testes)
How does an individual develop their gonads or ovaries?
The hypothalamus start us off with a electrical message to the pituitary glands known as the master glands releasing chemical messages known as GHR into the gonads allowing for release or profoundness of testosterone (development of testes) and estrogen (development of ovaries) into the human body.
This release of hormonal chemicals effect the primary and secondary sex characteristics.
Which endocrine gland directly affects the functioning of the gonads? A Testes B Adrenals C Pituitary D Hypothalamus
C Pituitary
Pubertal Development in Boys and Girls:
Growth Spurt
BOYS age 12.5
GIRLS age 10
Proportions
BOYS shoulders broaden and longer legs
GIRLS hips broaden
Muscle-fat makeup
BOYS gain more muscle, aerobic efficiency
GIRLS gain more fat (due to enlargement of uterus)
Brain Development
INCREASE: planning, abstraction, attention, self regulation
INCREASED CONNECTION: among regions of the brain, and sensory excitatory messages
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Increased hair
voice change in males
body proportions in females changes
EXTERNAL CHANGES
Primary Sex Characteristics
MALES:
Sex organs and spermarche ( sperm development, 13.5)
FEMALES:
Sex organs, menarche (period development; age 12),
INTERNAL CHANGES
Amenorrhea is?
When a female does not have a period due to a bodily condition like anorexia disallowing her bodily functions to happen due to a lack of nutrients
Gynomastica is?
removal of male breasts enlargement
Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristics? A Menarche B Beast Development C Spermarche D Growth of genitals
B Breast Development
Educational Readiness on Sexual Development
Men are not as prepared as women when it comes to sexual education.
Moodiness during Pubertal changes:
Hormonal change leads to irritability and moodiness in adolescents due to the growth spurts and development within the body.
Parents and Adolescent development:
Parents are not always aware of their child’s changes and can become ignorant towards that and punish their “bad” behavior
Reactions to Puberty:
GIRLS:
surprised, open about their changes, seek help, more positive (If father is involved, that helps too!)
BOYS:
less open about their change, mixed reactions, preparation helps, could benefit from telling people
Pubertal Timing- Early and Late Maturation in Girls
EARLY MATURATION:
low confidence, increase deviant behavior, negative body image, increase long term problems
LATE MATURATION:
Popular, sociable, leaders, body positive
Pubertal Timing- Early and Late Maturation in Boys
EARLY MATURATION: popular, more deviant, confident, independent, positive body image
LATE MATURATION:
unpopular, anxious, attention seeking, negative bod image, not as successful, friend zoned
Often time, puberty is most difficult for?
A early maturing girls and late maturing boys
B early maturing boys and late maturing girls
C early maturing girls and boys
D late maturing girls and boys
A early maturing girls and late maturing boys
Health Problems in Adolescence
- 20% die from natural causes
- cancer is #1 leading factor in death, then car crashes, suicide, and then homicide
Cultural attitudes about Sex
Sex negative rather than sex positive, we shame rather than inform
Characteristics on Sexually Active Adolescents
- early puberty, violate norms and little religion
- single or step parents in the picture + weak parenting
- sexually active friends or siblings (social learning)
- poor education on sex education with low education goals
Sexually active college students are:
A among those at risk for STI’s
B are at low risk for STI’s
C have a much higher rate of condom use than high schoolers
D unlikely to experience depression or anxiety after casual sex
A among those at risk for STI’s
College students like high school students do not use a condom when having sex with multiple partners. Although, you would think when having intercourse with strangers rather than a partner, they would be smart enough to use condoms.
Risk for Teen Mother’s
- less educational
- more time as a single parent
- economic problems
- pregnancy and birth complications
- lack of parental skills
Eating Disorders in Teens:
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa in Teens:
- peaks in girls, gay guys, and athletes
- distorted body, purging, massive exercise, resists treatment, increase mortality rate due to organ failure
Bulimia Nervose in Teens:
- binge eating, recognizing eating disorder, more likely to receive treatment, recovery is common
Adolescent substance usage- Have tried by grade 10
Cigarettes
Alcohol
Illegal drugs
vaping
Adolescents substance usage- By end of high school
Smokes regularly
Recent heavy drinking
Tried illegal drugs
Vaping
