Chapter 5 Infant Cognitive Development Flashcards
By age 1, infants:
are able to solve simple problems and use symbols
“Schemes, Schemas, Schemata” are…
acting on or interacting w/ the environment
-mental structures that help you make sense of the environment and things around you
How do babies adapt?
Assimilation and Accommodation
Assimilation is…
Taking in and understanding ideas around you
Accommodation is…
when we change our existing schema to accommodate new info
Organization is…
connecting info to make it easier to understand and recall
Equilibrium is…
Understanding and dealing with info; a lot of assimilation
What is Disequilibrium?
Accommodation a lot of information
Piaget’s 4 stages of development:
Sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operation, and formal operational
Sensorimotor is?
object permanence has developed, use of motor and sensory skills, & is between 0-18/24 months
Pre-operational is?
use of symbols, and is considered pre-logic, occurs during pre-school 2-6 y/o
Concrete operational is?
is where one can manipulate logic and conserve ideas and thoughts, occurs elem years 7-12 y/o.
Formal operational is?
abstract thought, considered to be “post logic” and the child can manipulate the abstraction, occurs 12+ y/o
What stage in Piaget’s development will we be focusing on primarily?
Sensorimotor stage
What is object permanence?
understanding that an object is out of sight, but not out of mind.
Piaget thought that Object Permanence developed when?
9 months
A-not-B Error
When an object moves from one location to the next and the child does not see it moving, occurs up to 18 months old
A-not-B Error goes away when..?
18 months or 1 1/2 years of age
Rene Baillergeon studied what?
Object permanence and habituation/dishabituation
Goal directed behavior develops around…
6 months
Circular reaction is..?
repetition of the behavior or action
Representational thought is?
picturing things in your head
Deferred imitation is?
seeing something and doing it later
Lilly likes to put her toys into a basket and take them back out again, put them back, etc… She is showing?
Circular Reaction
Overall, Piaget
- underestimated,
- overestimated
- was correct about development
underestimated infants cognitive abilities
Information processing system is?
How we process information and memorize things
Attention increases or decreases?
increases across infancy and into childhood adolescents
Memory increases or decreases?
decreases in infancy but improves
Categorization in infants refers to?
perceptual and conceptual classification of sorting things
Perceptual categorization is
organization based on color
Conceptual organization is
based on common function
By the end of infancy babies should have:
- object permanence
- representational and symbolic thought
- some understanding of numbers
- all of the above
all of the above
Vygotsky’s Social contexts contribute to?
cognitive development in infants
Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development are?
tasks that a child cannot do on their own but can learn to do with help of more skilled partners
Scaffolding is…
building the child up to do a task and is associated with Zones of Proximal Development
Learning Theory from Skinner,
is when a child learns to perform an act by watching an adult and reinforcing that behavior
Nativist/Biological view from Chomsky,
simple exposure can help us learn a language
Interactionist view,
combination of both Nativist/Biological View and Learning Theory
Preverbal communications in infants:
Crying, cooing, babbling, and gestures; babbling is 3-4 months and is true across all cultures
Babbling:
- is present from birth
- quickly changes to include only sounds from the infants language
- does not occur in many infants
- is not important
quickly changes to include only sounds from the infants language
Babes first words:
are nouns like mom, dad, car, truck, house, etc b/c verbs are much harder to say and occur around the 1st year of birth
Overextension of first words are,
speeaaaaakkkkkinnnnngggg and usssssiiinnnggg the word in a lonnngggeerrrrrr way.
Holophrase of first words are,
using one word to mean an entire phrase, such as, “juice = i want juice!”
Two word combinations occur at 18 months, true or false?
True
Telegraphic speech is when,
infants start adding rudimentary grammar, “baby up”
Girls speak earlier and better than boys, true or false?
True
What child is more likely to talk earliest?
- first born boy
- first born girl
- a later born boy
- a later born girl
first born girl
