Chapter 5 Infant Cognitive Development

Question 1

By age 1, infants:

Answer 1

are able to solve simple problems and use symbols

Question 2

“Schemes, Schemas, Schemata” are…

Answer 2

acting on or interacting w/ the environment

-mental structures that help you make sense of the environment and things around you

Question 3

How do babies adapt?

Answer 3

Assimilation and Accommodation

Question 4

Assimilation is…

Answer 4

Taking in and understanding ideas around you

Question 5

Accommodation is…

Answer 5

when we change our existing schema to accommodate new info

Question 6

Organization is…

Answer 6

connecting info to make it easier to understand and recall

Question 7

Equilibrium is…

Answer 7

Understanding and dealing with info; a lot of assimilation

Question 8

What is Disequilibrium?

Answer 8

Accommodation a lot of information

Question 9

Piaget’s 4 stages of development:

Answer 9

Sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operation, and formal operational

Question 10

Sensorimotor is?

Answer 10

object permanence has developed, use of motor and sensory skills, & is between 0-18/24 months

Question 11

Pre-operational is?

Answer 11

use of symbols, and is considered pre-logic, occurs during pre-school 2-6 y/o

Question 12

Concrete operational is?

Answer 12

is where one can manipulate logic and conserve ideas and thoughts, occurs elem years 7-12 y/o.

Question 13

Formal operational is?

Answer 13

abstract thought, considered to be “post logic” and the child can manipulate the abstraction, occurs 12+ y/o

Question 14

What stage in Piaget’s development will we be focusing on primarily?

Answer 14

Sensorimotor stage

Question 15

What is object permanence?

Answer 15

understanding that an object is out of sight, but not out of mind.

Question 16

Piaget thought that Object Permanence developed when?

Answer 16

9 months

Question 17

A-not-B Error

Answer 17

When an object moves from one location to the next and the child does not see it moving, occurs up to 18 months old

Question 18

A-not-B Error goes away when..?

Answer 18

18 months or 1 1/2 years of age

Question 19

Rene Baillergeon studied what?

Answer 19

Object permanence and habituation/dishabituation

Question 20

Goal directed behavior develops around…

Answer 20

6 months

Question 21

Circular reaction is..?

Answer 21

repetition of the behavior or action

Question 22

Representational thought is?

Answer 22

picturing things in your head

Question 23

Deferred imitation is?

Answer 23

seeing something and doing it later

Question 24

Lilly likes to put her toys into a basket and take them back out again, put them back, etc… She is showing?

Answer 24

Circular Reaction

Question 25

Overall, Piaget

• underestimated,
• overestimated
• was correct about development

Answer 25

underestimated infants cognitive abilities

Question 26

Information processing system is?

Answer 26

How we process information and memorize things

Question 27

Attention increases or decreases?

Answer 27

increases across infancy and into childhood adolescents

Question 28

Memory increases or decreases?

Answer 28

decreases in infancy but improves

Question 29

Categorization in infants refers to?

Answer 29

perceptual and conceptual classification of sorting things

Question 30

Perceptual categorization is

Answer 30

organization based on color

Question 31

Conceptual organization is

Answer 31

based on common function

Question 32

By the end of infancy babies should have:

• object permanence
• representational and symbolic thought
• some understanding of numbers
• all of the above

Answer 32

all of the above

Question 33

Vygotsky’s Social contexts contribute to?

Answer 33

cognitive development in infants

Question 34

Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development are?

Answer 34

tasks that a child cannot do on their own but can learn to do with help of more skilled partners

Question 35

Scaffolding is…

Answer 35

building the child up to do a task and is associated with Zones of Proximal Development

Question 36

Learning Theory from Skinner,

Answer 36

is when a child learns to perform an act by watching an adult and reinforcing that behavior

Question 37

Nativist/Biological view from Chomsky,

Answer 37

simple exposure can help us learn a language

Question 38

Interactionist view,

Answer 38

combination of both Nativist/Biological View and Learning Theory

Question 39

Preverbal communications in infants:

Answer 39

Crying, cooing, babbling, and gestures; babbling is 3-4 months and is true across all cultures

Question 40

Babbling:

• is present from birth
• quickly changes to include only sounds from the infants language
• does not occur in many infants
• is not important

Answer 40

quickly changes to include only sounds from the infants language

Question 41

Babes first words:

Answer 41

are nouns like mom, dad, car, truck, house, etc b/c verbs are much harder to say and occur around the 1st year of birth

Question 42

Overextension of first words are,

Answer 42

speeaaaaakkkkkinnnnngggg and usssssiiinnnggg the word in a lonnngggeerrrrrr way.

Question 43

Holophrase of first words are,

Answer 43

using one word to mean an entire phrase, such as, “juice = i want juice!”

Question 44

Two word combinations occur at 18 months, true or false?

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Telegraphic speech is when,

Answer 45

infants start adding rudimentary grammar, “baby up”

Question 46

Girls speak earlier and better than boys, true or false?

Answer 46

True

Question 47

What child is more likely to talk earliest?

• first born boy
• first born girl
• a later born boy
• a later born girl

Answer 47

first born girl