Chapter 12 Adolescent Cognitive and Social Development

Question 1

Erikson’s Theory: Identity v. Role Confusion is…?

What does it tie with?

Answer 1

Formal Operational Thought (Piaget)

IDENTITY:

• defining who you are and developing direction in life
• commitment to vocation and personal relationships
• Resolution of identity crisis

IDENTITY CONFUSION:

• lack of direction, and definition of self
• restricted exploration in adolescence
• unprepared for stages of adulthood

Question 2

Formal Operational Thought is?

Answer 2

Abstract notions and Hypothetico- Deductive/ Scientific Reasoning:

• Working memory capacity (reaching adult stage)
• Exposure to complex problems (increased education)
• Meta-cognitive understanding (understanding how thinking works)
• Open mindedness (understanding others possibilities)

Question 3

What happens if a teen does not reach Operational Thought?

Answer 3

They are stuck with concrete thought

Question 4

Looking at the purpose of Proportional thought?

Answer 4

Disapproving all other reasons before approving the right answer. Find out why all of the other answer choices are wrong rather than saying why only one answer choice is right.

Question 5

Formal Operational thought is not what?

Answer 5

Universal. Many thought processes are close minded due to religion, life style choices, and other factors.

Question 6

School age children sometimes develop what?

Answer 6

Abstract notions and ideas!!!

Some children play chess which requires a high degree of knowledge and abstract to think about others moves and future moves. Although they may understand this, the may have problems with apprehensive ruling.

Question 7

Argumentativeness in Teens:

Answer 7

Abstract thinkers develop, rather than arguing with your teen, have them explain why and listen to their reasoning.

Question 8

Adolescent Egocentrism:

Answer 8

by David Elkind

We are focusing on;

• Imaginary Audience
• Personal Fable
• Invincibility Fable

Question 9

Imaginary Audience in Adolescent Egocentrism is?

Answer 9

when the teen thinks that EVERYONE is watching them do something, so they act out or are excessively loud for no reason.

Question 10

Personal Fable in Adolescent Egocentrism is?

Answer 10

when a teen think that no one understands them and they are unique and special.

Question 11

Invincibility Fable in Adolescents Egocentrism is?

Answer 11

the idea that a teen thinks NOTHING will happen to them (involved within difficult temperament).

Question 12

Jillian gets upset when no one at school notices her new haircut. She is displaying? 
A Personal fable 
B Invincible fable
C Imaginary Audience
D Narcism

Answer 12

C Imaginary Audience

Key here: NO ONE notices her new haircut, thinking that everyone (audience) should be looking at her.

Question 13

School Transitions and helping Adolescents within the Transition:

Answer 13

• Increase parental involvement
• Smaller classes help
• Homeroom teacher relationships
• Minimizing competition

Question 14

Why students drop out of High School:

Answer 14

• to work due to poverty
• mental health
• pregnancy
• physical health
• family issues

Question 15

Result of dropping out of High School:

Answer 15

• Increased rates of illiteracy
• low lifetime wages
• low medical coverage or care

Question 16

Benefits of Extracurricular Activities:

Answer 16

• less antisocial behavior
• improved family relationships
• better academic performance
• better social skills/ self-esteem
• High achieve later in life

Question 17

Self-understanding Identity v. Role Confusion types:

Answer 17

• Identity Achievement
• Moratorium
• Foreclosure
• Negative Identity
• Diffusion

Question 18

Identity Achievement is:

Answer 18

Fulfilling your full adult identity

Question 19

Moratorium is:

Answer 19

When someone is actively exploring their identity

i.e., when someone in college is figuring themselves out

Question 20

Foreclosure is:

Answer 20

Accepting what has been given to them and not questioning it.

These are concrete thinkers strictly and end up turning into prejudices and want no disequilibrium.

Question 21

Negative identity is:

Answer 21

These individuals do the polar opposite of what they were raised on.

(i.e., individuals that were raised religiously and are going against the word of God.)

Think REBELS

Question 22

Diffusion is:

Answer 22

Those who wander through life and develop meaningless jobs and relationships. They are a drain on society and really have no meaning.

(think of those that just diffuse through life, wandering as diffusion in Anatomy HAHA)

Question 23

Identity Statuses:

Answer 23

HIGH Level of Commitment and HIGH Level of Exploration = Identity Achievement

HIGH Level of Commitment and LOW Level of Exploration =Identity Foreclosure/ Negative Identity

LOW Level of Commitment and HIGH Level of Exploration =Moratorium

LOW Level of Commitment and LOW Level of Exploration = Identity Diffusion

Question 24

Ethnic Identity Development and Cross:

Answer 24

When children are young they do not think much about their ethnic identity, as they grow and experience life or go through events, they will then identity themselves as who they are, (AA, Caucasian, Asian, etc…)

Question 25

Bicultural Identities:

Answer 25

When individuals take on 2 cultures.

• The individual will have strong ties to both of their identities.
• Some solely assimilate to one and then that develops problems within families due to intercultural ties. Older family members may see this as shame to their other culture.

Question 26

Sexual Identity and Sexual Orientation:

Answer 26

A “fake” theory based upon popular demand:

a. “feeling different” around ages 6-12 (Hindsight Bias)
b seem confused around adolescence or later (can be easier within different environments)
c start to accept themselves which varies in time

Question 27

Differences b/w Gender and Sexual Orientation:

Answer 27

-Males seem to come out quicker an stay gay, as women come out slower and tend to be more fluid within their sexuality.

Question 28

Gender Intensification:

Answer 28

• Males tend to be more masculine and females tend to be more feminine and some diverge into androgyny and then feminize.

Question 29

Depression and Gender Intensification:

Answer 29

Females tend to become more depressed within gender intensification due to the idea of being “Girly”

Question 30

Depression and Symptoms:

Answer 30

• Uncommon until age 13
• Development due to abstract thought and anxiety
• an individual needs to develop 5/9 symptoms in order to be considered depressed.
• These symptoms include
  1. depressed mood
  2. loss of interest
  3. no sex
  4. fatigue
  5. Insomnia
  6. weight increase or decrease
  7. angry or agitated
  8. frequent thoughts of death
  9. inability to concentrate

Question 31

Statistics on Depression:

Answer 31

• Women have an increase in suicide during midlife
• Men have an increase during older age
• Females attempt rate is higher than males
• Male completion rate is higher than females

Question 32

Which is true of gender and suicide attempts and completions?
A Men attempt more and succeed more often
B Women attempt more and succeed more often
C Men attempt less and succeed more often
D Women attempt less and succeed more often

Answer 32

C Men attempt less and succeed more often

Question 33

Preventing Suicide:

Answer 33

1. Notice warning sign
   2/.Ask DIRECTLY about risk
2. Provide professional, adult, and peer support.