Chapter 12 Adolescent Cognitive and Social Development Flashcards
Erikson’s Theory: Identity v. Role Confusion is…?
What does it tie with?
Formal Operational Thought (Piaget)
IDENTITY:
- defining who you are and developing direction in life
- commitment to vocation and personal relationships
- Resolution of identity crisis
IDENTITY CONFUSION:
- lack of direction, and definition of self
- restricted exploration in adolescence
- unprepared for stages of adulthood
Formal Operational Thought is?
Abstract notions and Hypothetico- Deductive/ Scientific Reasoning:
- Working memory capacity (reaching adult stage)
- Exposure to complex problems (increased education)
- Meta-cognitive understanding (understanding how thinking works)
- Open mindedness (understanding others possibilities)
What happens if a teen does not reach Operational Thought?
They are stuck with concrete thought
Looking at the purpose of Proportional thought?
Disapproving all other reasons before approving the right answer. Find out why all of the other answer choices are wrong rather than saying why only one answer choice is right.
Formal Operational thought is not what?
Universal. Many thought processes are close minded due to religion, life style choices, and other factors.
School age children sometimes develop what?
Abstract notions and ideas!!!
Some children play chess which requires a high degree of knowledge and abstract to think about others moves and future moves. Although they may understand this, the may have problems with apprehensive ruling.
Argumentativeness in Teens:
Abstract thinkers develop, rather than arguing with your teen, have them explain why and listen to their reasoning.
Adolescent Egocentrism:
by David Elkind
We are focusing on;
- Imaginary Audience
- Personal Fable
- Invincibility Fable
Imaginary Audience in Adolescent Egocentrism is?
when the teen thinks that EVERYONE is watching them do something, so they act out or are excessively loud for no reason.
Personal Fable in Adolescent Egocentrism is?
when a teen think that no one understands them and they are unique and special.
Invincibility Fable in Adolescents Egocentrism is?
the idea that a teen thinks NOTHING will happen to them (involved within difficult temperament).
Jillian gets upset when no one at school notices her new haircut. She is displaying? A Personal fable B Invincible fable C Imaginary Audience D Narcism
C Imaginary Audience
Key here: NO ONE notices her new haircut, thinking that everyone (audience) should be looking at her.
School Transitions and helping Adolescents within the Transition:
- Increase parental involvement
- Smaller classes help
- Homeroom teacher relationships
- Minimizing competition
Why students drop out of High School:
- to work due to poverty
- mental health
- pregnancy
- physical health
- family issues
Result of dropping out of High School:
- Increased rates of illiteracy
- low lifetime wages
- low medical coverage or care
Benefits of Extracurricular Activities:
- less antisocial behavior
- improved family relationships
- better academic performance
- better social skills/ self-esteem
- High achieve later in life
Self-understanding Identity v. Role Confusion types:
- Identity Achievement
- Moratorium
- Foreclosure
- Negative Identity
- Diffusion
Identity Achievement is:
Fulfilling your full adult identity
Moratorium is:
When someone is actively exploring their identity
i.e., when someone in college is figuring themselves out
Foreclosure is:
Accepting what has been given to them and not questioning it.
These are concrete thinkers strictly and end up turning into prejudices and want no disequilibrium.
Negative identity is:
These individuals do the polar opposite of what they were raised on.
(i.e., individuals that were raised religiously and are going against the word of God.)
Think REBELS
Diffusion is:
Those who wander through life and develop meaningless jobs and relationships. They are a drain on society and really have no meaning.
(think of those that just diffuse through life, wandering as diffusion in Anatomy HAHA)
Identity Statuses:
HIGH Level of Commitment and HIGH Level of Exploration = Identity Achievement
HIGH Level of Commitment and LOW Level of Exploration =Identity Foreclosure/ Negative Identity
LOW Level of Commitment and HIGH Level of Exploration =Moratorium
LOW Level of Commitment and LOW Level of Exploration = Identity Diffusion
Ethnic Identity Development and Cross:
When children are young they do not think much about their ethnic identity, as they grow and experience life or go through events, they will then identity themselves as who they are, (AA, Caucasian, Asian, etc…)
Bicultural Identities:
When individuals take on 2 cultures.
- The individual will have strong ties to both of their identities.
- Some solely assimilate to one and then that develops problems within families due to intercultural ties. Older family members may see this as shame to their other culture.
Sexual Identity and Sexual Orientation:
A “fake” theory based upon popular demand:
a. “feeling different” around ages 6-12 (Hindsight Bias)
b seem confused around adolescence or later (can be easier within different environments)
c start to accept themselves which varies in time
Differences b/w Gender and Sexual Orientation:
-Males seem to come out quicker an stay gay, as women come out slower and tend to be more fluid within their sexuality.
Gender Intensification:
- Males tend to be more masculine and females tend to be more feminine and some diverge into androgyny and then feminize.
Depression and Gender Intensification:
Females tend to become more depressed within gender intensification due to the idea of being “Girly”
Depression and Symptoms:
- Uncommon until age 13
- Development due to abstract thought and anxiety
- an individual needs to develop 5/9 symptoms in order to be considered depressed.
- These symptoms include
1. depressed mood
2. loss of interest
3. no sex
4. fatigue
5. Insomnia
6. weight increase or decrease
7. angry or agitated
8. frequent thoughts of death
9. inability to concentrate
Statistics on Depression:
- Women have an increase in suicide during midlife
- Men have an increase during older age
- Females attempt rate is higher than males
- Male completion rate is higher than females
Which is true of gender and suicide attempts and completions?
A Men attempt more and succeed more often
B Women attempt more and succeed more often
C Men attempt less and succeed more often
D Women attempt less and succeed more often
C Men attempt less and succeed more often
Preventing Suicide:
- Notice warning sign
2/.Ask DIRECTLY about risk - Provide professional, adult, and peer support.
