Chapter 6- Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
gastrointestinal system
A
digestive system
2
Q
bilirubin
A
orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by liver cells
3
Q
bolus
A
mass of masticated food ready for swallowing
4
Q
exocrine
A
type of gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of organ and vessel
5
Q
sphincter
A
circular bond of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of a body
6
Q
triglycerideas
A
organic compound, true fat, that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids
7
Q
oral cavity
A
mouth
8
Q
bucca
A
cheeks
9
Q
mastication
A
mechanically breakdown food
10
Q
dentin
A
beneath enamel (main structure)
11
Q
pulp
A
inner most part
12
Q
gingiva
A
gums
13
Q
deglutition
A
swallowing
14
Q
papillae
A
rough projections on teeth
15
Q
hard palate
A
anterior portion
16
Q
soft palate
A
posterior portion
17
Q
pharynx
A
throat
18
Q
uvula
A
soft, fleshy, v-shaped structure
19
Q
trachea
A
leads into the lungs
20
Q
esophagus
A
leads into the stomach
21
Q
epiglottis
A
small flap of cartilage to cover taechea during swallowing
22
Q
stomach
A
saclike structure located in LUQ of abdominal cavity
23
Q
duodenum
A
first part of small intestine
24
Q
body
A
large central portion of stomach
25
fundus
upper portion (mainly storage area)
26
pylorus
where digestion takes place
27
rugae
interior lining of the stomach
28
chyme
semiliquid
29
pyloric sphincter
chyme goes through
30
peristaisis
rhythmic muscle contractions
31
duodenum
uppermost segment small intestine
32
jejunum
second segment of small intestine
33
ileum
last segment of small intestine
34
pancreas and liver
additional enzymes and secretions
35
villi
where nutrients from chyme are absorbed
36
cecum
small puch that hangs inferior to ileocecal valve
37
appendix
small, wormlike structure with no apparent function
38
ascending colon
extends from cecum to lower border of the liver and forms the hepatic flexure
39
transverse colon
left side curving beneath the lower end of the spleen to form splenic flexure
40
descending colon
downward from transverse colon (forms sigmoid colon and rectum
41
organs of digestive system
tongue, hard and soft palates, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
42
accessory organs of digestive system
liver, pancreas, gallbladder
43
liver
largest glandular orang in body; located beneath diaphragm in RUQ and LUQ
44
function of liver
produce bile, aids in digestion of fat, removing glucose from the blood to synthesize glycogen and retain for alter use, storing vitamin B12, A, D, E and K, destroying old erythrocytes releasing bilirubin
45
pancreas
lies posterior and slightly inferior to stomach
46
pancreatic duct
extends along pancreas and together with the hepatic duct from the liver, aid in digesting triglycerides
47
gallbladder
saclike structure on inferior surface of the liver
48
common bile duct
bile travels through when needed for digestion; bile also drained from liver through right hapetic duct and left hepatic duct
49
cystic duct
merges with the hepatic duct to form the common bile duct
50
or/o
mouth
51
stomat/o
mouth
52
gloss/o
tongue
53
lingu/o
tongue
54
bucc/o
cheek
55
cheil/o
lip
56
labi/o
lip
57
dent/o
teeth
58
odont/o
teeth
59
gingiv/o
gums
60
sial/o
saliva, salivary gland
61
esophag/o
esophagus
62
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
63
gastr/o
stomach
64
pylor/o
pylorus
65
duoden/o
deodenum
66
enter/o
intestine
67
jejun/o
jejunum
68
ile/o
ileum
69
append/o
appendix
70
appendic/o
appendix
71
col/o
colon
72
colon/o
colon
73
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
74
-ectomy
excision or removal
75
-plasty
surgical repair
76
lith
stone
77
tonsil
tonsils
78
-scope
instrument for examining
79
-spasm
involuntary contraction
80
-algia
pain
81
-rrhaphy
suture of jejunum
82
-stomy
forming an opening
83
rect/o
rectum
84
proct/o
anus, rectum
85
an/o
anus
86
hepat/o
liver
87
pancreat/o
pancreas
88
cholongi/o
bile vessel
89
chol/e
bile, fall
90
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
91
choledoch/o
bile duct
92
-emesis
vomit
93
-iasis
abnormal condition
94
-megaly
enlargement
95
-orexia
appetite
96
-phagia
swallowing, eating
97
-pepsia
digestion
98
-prandial
meal
99
-rrhea
discharge, flow
100
dia-
through, across
101
peri-
around
102
sub-
under, below
103
asymptomatic
no symptoms
104
gastroenterology
branch of medicine concerned with digestive diseases
105
gastroenterologist
specialize in diagnosis and treatment
106
ulder
circumscribed open sore on the skin or mucous membranes of the body
107
helicobacter pylori
common cause of PUD
108
perforation
a hole
109
peritonities
inflammation of peritoneum
110
hernia
protrusion of any organ, tissue, structure through the wall of the cavity
111
visceria
abdominal organs
112
inguinal hernia
develops in the groin where the abdominal folds of flesh meet the thighs
113
strangulated hernia
caused by blood supply cut off, can cause necrosis with gangrene
114
umbilical hearnia
protrusion of part of the intestine at the navel
115
congenital
occur in newborns
116
hernioplasty
surgical repair of the hernia
117
herniorrhaphy
suture of abdominal wall
118
diaphragmatic hernia
congenital disorder
119
hiatal hernia
lower part of esophagus and top of stomach
120
hiatus
opening in diaphragm
121
GERD
gastrointestinal reflux disease
122
infectious hepatitis
hep A-ingestion of contaminated food
123
serum hepatitis
hep B
124
parenteral
blood transfusion and sexual contact
125
jaundice
yellowing of skin and sclera
126
bilirubin
yellow compound formed during destruction of erythrocytes
127
diverticulosis
condition in which diverticula develop in the inner lining of the large intestine
128
diverticula
blister-like pockets
129
diverticulitis
inflammation of sigmoid colon (LLQ)
130
obstipation
extreme constipation
131
gastric odenocarcinoma
cancerous glandular tumor
132
colorectal
most common type of intestinal cancer
133
anorexia
lack or loss of appetite, resulting int he inability to eat
134
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix, usually caused by obstruction
135
ascities
abnormal accumulation of fluid in abdominal caivty, result of chronic liver disease, neoplasm
136
borborygmus
rumbling or gurgling noises that audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas
137
cachexia
physical wasting; loss of weight an dmuscle mass and associated with acquired immune deficiency
138
cholelithiasis
presence or formation of gallstones in gallbladder
139
cirrhosis
scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease
140
crohn disease
IBD, usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; regional enteritis
141
dysentery
inflammation of intestine (colon) maybe caused by ingesting H2O or food containing chemical irritants
142
flatus
gas in the GI tract; expelling air from a body orifice, especially the anus
143
GERD
backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus as result of malfunction of sphincter muscle
144
halitosis
foul-smelling breath
145
hematemesis
vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus
146
hemorrhoids
swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region categorized as external or internal
147
intestinal obstruction
mechanical or functional blockage of intestine that occurs when contents cannot move forward
148
IBS
symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function; spastic colon
149
malabsorption syndrome
symptom complex of small intestine characterized by impaired passage of nutrients
150
melena
dark, tarlike feces that contain digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach
151
obesity
excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds body's skeletal and physical standards, increase 20%
152
morbid
obesity in which BMI >40 and generally 100 lbs more over ideal body weight
153
oral leukoplakia
formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of tongue, lips
154
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
155
pyloric stenosis
stricture or narrowing of pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach
156
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammatory disease of colon; beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon
157
gastrointestinal
visual examination of gastrointestinal tract using a flexible fiberoptic instrument to identify abnormalities
158
hepatitis panel
panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus (ABC) using antibodies to each of these antigens
159
liver function test
group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions associated with biliary tract
160
serum bilirubin
measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
161
stool culture
test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing gastrointestinal infection
162
stool guaiac
test that applies a substance (guaiac) to stool sample to detect the presence of occult blood in feces
163
lower gastrointestinal series
radiographic images of rectum and colon following administration of barium into rectum
164
oral cholecystography
radiographic images taken of gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine
165
MRI
technique uses radio waves and strong magnetic field; highly detailed, multiplanar
166
MRCP
produce detailed images of hepatobiliary and pancreatic systems
167
abdominal
ultrasound visualization of abdomine, aorata, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pacreas, kidneys, ureters
168
endoscopic
combination of endoscopy and ultrasound that examines and obtains images of digestive tract
169
UGIS
radiographic images of the esophagous, stomach, and small intestine following oral adminstration of barium
170
anastomosis
surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
171
ileorectal
surgical connection of ileum and rectum after total colectomy
172
intestinal
surgical connection of two portions of the intestines
173
appendectomy
excision of a diseased appendix using an open or laparoscopic procedure
174
appy-open
excision of a diseased appendix through a 2" to 3" incision in the RLQ of the abdomen
175
appy-laproscopic
minimally invasive appendectomy using three small abdominal incisions while monitoring image
176
bariatric surgery
group of procedures that treat morbid obesity
177
bariatric-vertical banded
vertical stapling of upper stomach near esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch; insertion of band
178
bariatric-RGB
stapling of stomach to and the size and shortening jejunum and connecting to small intestine; Y configuration
179
colostomy
forms an opening by drawing the healthy end of colon through incision in anterior abdominal wall and suturing
180
lithotripsy
procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves
181
ESWL
use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder of biliary ducts
182
paracentesis
procedure to remove fluid from the abdomen using a long, thin needle inserted through belly
183
polypectomy
excision of polyp
184
nasogastric intubation
insertion of nasogastric tube into stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food, etc.
185
antacids
counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach
186
antidiarrheals
control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract
187
antiemetics
control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain
188
antispasmodics
decrease gastrointestinal (GI) spasms by slowing peristalsis and motility throughout the GI tract
189
histamine-2 (H2) blockers
inhibit secretion of stomach acid from the gastric cells by blocking the H2 receptor
190
laxatives
treat constipation by increasing peristaltic activity in the large intestine or increasing water and electrolyte section into the bowel induce defecation
191
proton pump inhibitors
suppress basal and stimulated acid production by inhibiting the acid pump in the gastric cells
192
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
193
Ba
barium
194
BaE, BE
barium enema
195
BM
bowel movement
196
BMI
body mass index
197
CT
computed tomography
198
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
199
ESWL
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
200
EUS
endoscopic ultrasonography (x-ray studies)
201
GBS
gallbladder series
202
GER
gastroesophageal reflux
203
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
204
GI
gastrointestinal
205
HAV
hepatitis A virus
206
HBV
hepatitis B virus
207
HCV
hepatitis C virus
208
HDV
hepatitis D virus
209
HEV
hepatitis E virus
210
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
211
LFT
liver function test
212
LUQ
left upper quadrant
213
MRCP
magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
214
NG
nasogastric
215
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
216
OCG
oral cholecystography
217
PE
physical examination; pulmonary embolism; pressure-equalizing (tube)
218
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
219
R/O
rule out
220
RGB
roux-en-Y gastric bypass
221
RUQ
right upper quadrant
222
UGIS
upper gastrointestinal series
223
US
ultrasound; ultrasonography
