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MEDPT 173 > Chapter 5- Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5- Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

integument

A

skin, largest organ in the body

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2
Q

accessory organs

A

hair, nails, and glands makes up the integumentary system

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3
Q

adrogen

A

generic term for agent (usually hormone- testosterone or aldosterone) that stimulates development

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4
Q

ductule

A

very small duct

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5
Q

homeostasis

A

state of equilibrium of the internal environment of the body despite changes in external environment

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6
Q

synthesize

A

forming a complex substance by the union of simpler compounds or elements

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7
Q

what the skin does

A

protects underlying structures from injury and provides sensory information to the brain, protect the body against UV rays, regulating body temperature and preventing dehydration

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8
Q

Epidermis

A

outer layer of the skin, is relatively thin over most areas but is thickest on palms and soles of feet

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9
Q

Strata

A

sublayers located in the epidermis

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10
Q

layer below epidermis

A

stratum corneum

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11
Q

basal layer

A

deepest layer, composed of living cells where new cells are formed

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12
Q

keratin

A

protein amterial

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13
Q

melanocytes

A

special cells located in the basal layer and produce a black pigment known as melanin

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14
Q

albino

A

individual who cannot produce melanin

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15
Q

dermis

A

second layer of the skin (aka. corium); composed of living tissue and contains numerous capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and nerve endings

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16
Q

sebaceuous

A

oil glands

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17
Q

sudoriferous

A

sweat glands

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18
Q

subcutaneuos layer

A

aka hypodermis, binds the dermis to underlying structure; composed primarily of loose connective tissue and adipose (fat) tissue interlaced with blood vessels

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19
Q

exocrine glands

A

two glands are this (sebaceous and sudoriferous)

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20
Q

axillae

A

armpits

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21
Q

sebum

A

oil secretion that helps destroy harmful organisms on the skin

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22
Q

hair shaft

A

part that is embedded in the dermis is the hairoot

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23
Q

hair follicle

A

root, together with its coverings

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24
Q

papilla

A

at the bottom of the hair follicle is a coop of capallaries enclosed in a covering

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25
Q

alopecia

A

occurs when the hair of scalp are not replaced due to death of papilla

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26
Q

nail root

A

composed of keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelial cells producing a very tough covering

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27
Q

nail bed

A

layer of epithelium

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28
Q

nail body

A

appears pink because of the underlying vascular tissue

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29
Q

lunula

A

half-moon-shaped area at base of nail and where new growth occurs

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30
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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31
Q

-derma

A

skin

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32
Q

-logist

A

specialist

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33
Q

-logy

A

study of

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34
Q

-therapy

A

treatment

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35
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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36
Q

py/o

A

pus

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37
Q

dermat/o

A

skin

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38
Q

cry/o

A

cold

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39
Q

an-

A

without, not

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40
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

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41
Q

homo-

A

same

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42
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

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43
Q

graft

A

transplantation

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44
Q

dermatology

A

medical specialty concerned with disease that directly affect the skin and systematic diseases that manifest their effects

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45
Q

dermatologist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases

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46
Q

lesions

A

areas of tissue that have pathologically altered by injury, wound, or infection

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47
Q

localized

A

area of definitive size

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48
Q

systemic

A

widely spread throughout the body

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49
Q

primary skin lesions

A

initial reaction to pathologically altered tissue and may be flat or elevated

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50
Q

secondary skin lesions

A

changes that take place in the primary lesion as a result of infection, scratching, trauma, or various stage of disease

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51
Q

lesions described as;

A

appearance, color, location, size (cm)

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52
Q

first degree (superficial)

A

least serious type of injury because injury because injury is on epidermis; caused by brief contact with dry or moist heat (thermal burn), spending too much time in the sun (sunburn), or exposure to chemicals (chemical burn)

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53
Q

erythema

A

skin redness

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54
Q

hyperesthsia

A

acute sensitivity to such sensory stimuli as touch, heat or cold

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55
Q

second degree (partial thickness)

A

deep burns that damage the epidermis and part of the dermis; symptoms similar to first degree but have fluid-filled blisters (vesicles or bullae)

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56
Q

third degree (full thickness)

A

epidermis and dermis are destroyed, some underlying connective tissue is damaged leaving the skin waxy

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57
Q

dermatoplasty

A

skin graft, commonly required to protect underlying tissue and assist in recovery

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58
Q

neoplasms

A

abnormal growths of new tissue that are classified as benign or malignant

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59
Q

benign neoplasms

A

noncancerous growths composed of the same type of cells as the tissue they are growing in

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60
Q

malignant neoplasms

A

aka cancer, are composed of cells that tend to become invasive and spread to remote regions of the body (metastasis)

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61
Q

immunotherapy

A

aka biotherapy, stimulates the body’s own immune defense to fight tumor cell

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62
Q

combined-modality treatment

A

combination of treatment options for cancer (surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy)

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63
Q

pathologist

A

grade and stage tumors to help in diagnosis and treatment planning, provide a possible prognosis, and aid comparison of treatment

64
Q

grading

A

cells from tumor site are evaluated to determine how closely the biopsied tissues resembles normal tissue

65
Q

carcinogens

A

cancer-causing agents

66
Q

two types of squamous cell carcinoma

A
  1. insitu- confined to original site
  2. invasive- surrounding tissue
67
Q

abscess

A

localized collection of pus at the site of infection

68
Q

acne

A

inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin with characteristic lesions

69
Q

alopecia

A

partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging, endocrine disorder, drug relation

70
Q

Bowen disease

A

very early form of skin cancer, which is easily curable and characterized by red, scaly patch on skin (squamous cell)

71
Q

cellulitis

A

diffuse (widespread), acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

72
Q

cholasma

A

pigmentary skin discoloration usually occurring in yellowish-brown patches or spots

73
Q

comedo

A

typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging

74
Q

decubitus ulcer

A

inflammation, sore, skin deterioration, caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position

75
Q

ecchymosis

A

skin discoloration consisting of large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing

76
Q

eczema

A

chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles

77
Q

erythema

A

redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries

78
Q

eschar

A

dead matter that is sloughed off from the surface of the skin, especially after a burn

79
Q

impetigo

A

bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture

80
Q

keratosis

A

thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth on the skin (callus or wart)

81
Q

lentigo

A

small brown macules, especially on the face and arms, brought by sun exposure, middle age, or older

82
Q

pallor

A

unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin

83
Q

pediculosis

A

infestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushes, combs, or headgear

84
Q

petechia

A

minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin

85
Q

pruritus

A

intense itching

86
Q

psoriasis

A

chronic skin disease characterized by itchy red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales, and excessive development of basal layer

87
Q

purpura

A

any of several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into tissues, beneath the skin or mucous membrane

88
Q

scabies

A

contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact

89
Q

tinea

A

fungal skin infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected; also called ringworm

90
Q

urticaria

A

allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheats or hives

91
Q

verruca

A

epidermal growth caused by a virus, also kown as warts

92
Q

vitiligo

A

localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches

93
Q

adip/o

A

fat

94
Q

lip/o

A

fat

95
Q

steat/o

A

fat

96
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

97
Q

dermat/o

A

skin

98
Q

derm/o

A

skin

99
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

100
Q

sudor/o

A

sweat

101
Q

ichthy/o

A

dry, scaly

102
Q

kerat/o

A

horny tissue, hard, cornea

103
Q

melan/o

A

black

104
Q

myc/o

A

fugus (fungi)

105
Q

onch/o

A

nail

106
Q

ungu/o

A

nail

107
Q

pil/o

A

hair

108
Q

trich/o

A

hair

109
Q

scler/o

A

hardening sclera (white of eye)

110
Q

seb/o

A

sebum, sebaceous

111
Q

squam/o

A

scale

112
Q

xen/o

A

foreign, strange

113
Q

xer/o

A

dry

114
Q

allergy skin test

A

any test in which suspected allergen or sensitizer is applied to or injected into the skin to determine the patients sensitivity

115
Q

intradermal

A

skin test that identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneously injecting small amounts of extracts of suspected allergens

116
Q

patch

A

skin test identifies allergic contact dermatitis by applying suspected allergen patch

117
Q

scratch

A

skin test that identifies suspected allergens by placing a small quantity of the suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area

118
Q

culture and sensitivity

A

labratory test to determine prescence of pathogens in patients with suspected wound infections and identify appropriate drug therapy

119
Q

biopsy

A

representative tissue sample removed form a body site for microscopic examination

120
Q

frozen section

A

ultrathin slice of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination

121
Q

needle

A

removal of small tissue sample for examination using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe

122
Q

punch

A

removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow punch

123
Q

shave

A

removal of elevated lesions using a surgical blade

124
Q

mohs

A

procedure that involves progressive removal and examination of layers of cancer-containing skin until only cancer-free

125
Q

skin graft

A

transplantation of healthy tissue to an injured site

126
Q

allograft

A

transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person; called homograft

127
Q

autograft

A

transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in same individual

128
Q

synthetic

A

transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern

129
Q

xenograft

A

transplantation (dermis only) from a foreign donor (usually pig) and transferred to a human; also called heterograft

130
Q

chemical peel

A

chemical removal of the outer layers of the skin to treat acne scarring and general keratoses; called chemabrasion

131
Q

cryosurgery

A

use of subfreezing temperature to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue such as warts, tumor, or unwanted cancerous/infected tissue

132
Q

debridement

A

removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents

133
Q

dermbrasion

A

rubbing (abrasion) using wire brushes or sandpaper to mechanically scrape away (abrade) the epidermis

134
Q

fulguration

A

tissue destruction by means of high-frequency electric current; also called electrodesclation

135
Q

photodynamic theory

A

procedure in which cells selectively treated with an agent called photosensitizer are exposed to light to produce reaction to destroy cells

136
Q

antiacne agents

A

reduce acne through multiple mechanisms

137
Q

antifungals

A

alter the cell wall of fungi or disrupt enzyme activity, resulting in cell death

138
Q

antihistamines

A

inhibit allergic reactions of inflammation, redness, and itching caused by the release of histamine

139
Q

antiparasitics

A

kill insect parasites, such as mites and lice

140
Q

antiseptics

A

topically applied agents that inhibit growth of bacteria, thus preventing infections in cuts, scratches, and surgical incisions

141
Q

corticosteroids

A

decrease inflammation and itching by suppressing the immune system’s inflammatory response to tissue damage

142
Q

keratolytics

A

destroy and soften the outer layer of skin so that it is sloughed off or shed

143
Q

protectives

A

cover, cool, dry, or soothe inflamed skin

144
Q

topical anesthetics

A

block sensation of pain by numbing the skin layers and mucous membranes

145
Q

Bx, bx

A

biopsy

146
Q

BCC

A

basal cell carcinoma

147
Q

C&S

A

culture and sensitivity

148
Q

CA

A

cancer, chronological age, cardiac arrest

149
Q

FS

A

frozen section

150
Q

ID

A

intradermal

151
Q

I&D

A

incision and drainage

152
Q

IMP

A

impression (synonymous with diagnosis)

153
Q

IV

A

intravenous

154
Q

TNM

A

tumor-node-metastasis

155
Q

UNG

A

ointment

156
Q

XP, XDP

A

xeroderma pigmentosum

MEDPT 173 (21 decks)

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