Chapter 5- Integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
integument
A
skin, largest organ in the body
2
Q
accessory organs
A
hair, nails, and glands makes up the integumentary system
3
Q
adrogen
A
generic term for agent (usually hormone- testosterone or aldosterone) that stimulates development
4
Q
ductule
A
very small duct
5
Q
homeostasis
A
state of equilibrium of the internal environment of the body despite changes in external environment
6
Q
synthesize
A
forming a complex substance by the union of simpler compounds or elements
7
Q
what the skin does
A
protects underlying structures from injury and provides sensory information to the brain, protect the body against UV rays, regulating body temperature and preventing dehydration
8
Q
Epidermis
A
outer layer of the skin, is relatively thin over most areas but is thickest on palms and soles of feet
9
Q
Strata
A
sublayers located in the epidermis
10
Q
layer below epidermis
A
stratum corneum
11
Q
basal layer
A
deepest layer, composed of living cells where new cells are formed
12
Q
keratin
A
protein amterial
13
Q
melanocytes
A
special cells located in the basal layer and produce a black pigment known as melanin
14
Q
albino
A
individual who cannot produce melanin
15
Q
dermis
A
second layer of the skin (aka. corium); composed of living tissue and contains numerous capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and nerve endings
16
Q
sebaceuous
A
oil glands
17
Q
sudoriferous
A
sweat glands
18
Q
subcutaneuos layer
A
aka hypodermis, binds the dermis to underlying structure; composed primarily of loose connective tissue and adipose (fat) tissue interlaced with blood vessels
19
Q
exocrine glands
A
two glands are this (sebaceous and sudoriferous)
20
Q
axillae
A
armpits
21
Q
sebum
A
oil secretion that helps destroy harmful organisms on the skin
22
Q
hair shaft
A
part that is embedded in the dermis is the hairoot
23
Q
hair follicle
A
root, together with its coverings
24
Q
papilla
A
at the bottom of the hair follicle is a coop of capallaries enclosed in a covering
25
alopecia
occurs when the hair of scalp are not replaced due to death of papilla
26
nail root
composed of keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelial cells producing a very tough covering
27
nail bed
layer of epithelium
28
nail body
appears pink because of the underlying vascular tissue
29
lunula
half-moon-shaped area at base of nail and where new growth occurs
30
-cyte
cell
31
-derma
skin
32
-logist
specialist
33
-logy
study of
34
-therapy
treatment
35
lip/o
fat
36
py/o
pus
37
dermat/o
skin
38
cry/o
cold
39
an-
without, not
40
epi-
above, upon
41
homo-
same
42
hidr/o
sweat
43
graft
transplantation
44
dermatology
medical specialty concerned with disease that directly affect the skin and systematic diseases that manifest their effects
45
dermatologist
physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases
46
lesions
areas of tissue that have pathologically altered by injury, wound, or infection
47
localized
area of definitive size
48
systemic
widely spread throughout the body
49
primary skin lesions
initial reaction to pathologically altered tissue and may be flat or elevated
50
secondary skin lesions
changes that take place in the primary lesion as a result of infection, scratching, trauma, or various stage of disease
51
lesions described as;
appearance, color, location, size (cm)
52
first degree (superficial)
least serious type of injury because injury because injury is on epidermis; caused by brief contact with dry or moist heat (thermal burn), spending too much time in the sun (sunburn), or exposure to chemicals (chemical burn)
53
erythema
skin redness
54
hyperesthsia
acute sensitivity to such sensory stimuli as touch, heat or cold
55
second degree (partial thickness)
deep burns that damage the epidermis and part of the dermis; symptoms similar to first degree but have fluid-filled blisters (vesicles or bullae)
56
third degree (full thickness)
epidermis and dermis are destroyed, some underlying connective tissue is damaged leaving the skin waxy
57
dermatoplasty
skin graft, commonly required to protect underlying tissue and assist in recovery
58
neoplasms
abnormal growths of new tissue that are classified as benign or malignant
59
benign neoplasms
noncancerous growths composed of the same type of cells as the tissue they are growing in
60
malignant neoplasms
aka cancer, are composed of cells that tend to become invasive and spread to remote regions of the body (metastasis)
61
immunotherapy
aka biotherapy, stimulates the body's own immune defense to fight tumor cell
62
combined-modality treatment
combination of treatment options for cancer (surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy)
63
pathologist
grade and stage tumors to help in diagnosis and treatment planning, provide a possible prognosis, and aid comparison of treatment
64
grading
cells from tumor site are evaluated to determine how closely the biopsied tissues resembles normal tissue
65
carcinogens
cancer-causing agents
66
two types of squamous cell carcinoma
1. insitu- confined to original site
2. invasive- surrounding tissue
67
abscess
localized collection of pus at the site of infection
68
acne
inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin with characteristic lesions
69
alopecia
partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging, endocrine disorder, drug relation
70
Bowen disease
very early form of skin cancer, which is easily curable and characterized by red, scaly patch on skin (squamous cell)
71
cellulitis
diffuse (widespread), acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
72
cholasma
pigmentary skin discoloration usually occurring in yellowish-brown patches or spots
73
comedo
typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging
74
decubitus ulcer
inflammation, sore, skin deterioration, caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position
75
ecchymosis
skin discoloration consisting of large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing
76
eczema
chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles
77
erythema
redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries
78
eschar
dead matter that is sloughed off from the surface of the skin, especially after a burn
79
impetigo
bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
80
keratosis
thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth on the skin (callus or wart)
81
lentigo
small brown macules, especially on the face and arms, brought by sun exposure, middle age, or older
82
pallor
unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin
83
pediculosis
infestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushes, combs, or headgear
84
petechia
minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin
85
pruritus
intense itching
86
psoriasis
chronic skin disease characterized by itchy red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales, and excessive development of basal layer
87
purpura
any of several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into tissues, beneath the skin or mucous membrane
88
scabies
contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact
89
tinea
fungal skin infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected; also called ringworm
90
urticaria
allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheats or hives
91
verruca
epidermal growth caused by a virus, also kown as warts
92
vitiligo
localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches
93
adip/o
fat
94
lip/o
fat
95
steat/o
fat
96
cutane/o
skin
97
dermat/o
skin
98
derm/o
skin
99
hidr/o
sweat
100
sudor/o
sweat
101
ichthy/o
dry, scaly
102
kerat/o
horny tissue, hard, cornea
103
melan/o
black
104
myc/o
fugus (fungi)
105
onch/o
nail
106
ungu/o
nail
107
pil/o
hair
108
trich/o
hair
109
scler/o
hardening sclera (white of eye)
110
seb/o
sebum, sebaceous
111
squam/o
scale
112
xen/o
foreign, strange
113
xer/o
dry
114
allergy skin test
any test in which suspected allergen or sensitizer is applied to or injected into the skin to determine the patients sensitivity
115
intradermal
skin test that identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneously injecting small amounts of extracts of suspected allergens
116
patch
skin test identifies allergic contact dermatitis by applying suspected allergen patch
117
scratch
skin test that identifies suspected allergens by placing a small quantity of the suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area
118
culture and sensitivity
labratory test to determine prescence of pathogens in patients with suspected wound infections and identify appropriate drug therapy
119
biopsy
representative tissue sample removed form a body site for microscopic examination
120
frozen section
ultrathin slice of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination
121
needle
removal of small tissue sample for examination using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe
122
punch
removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow punch
123
shave
removal of elevated lesions using a surgical blade
124
mohs
procedure that involves progressive removal and examination of layers of cancer-containing skin until only cancer-free
125
skin graft
transplantation of healthy tissue to an injured site
126
allograft
transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person; called homograft
127
autograft
transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in same individual
128
synthetic
transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern
129
xenograft
transplantation (dermis only) from a foreign donor (usually pig) and transferred to a human; also called heterograft
130
chemical peel
chemical removal of the outer layers of the skin to treat acne scarring and general keratoses; called chemabrasion
131
cryosurgery
use of subfreezing temperature to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue such as warts, tumor, or unwanted cancerous/infected tissue
132
debridement
removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents
133
dermbrasion
rubbing (abrasion) using wire brushes or sandpaper to mechanically scrape away (abrade) the epidermis
134
fulguration
tissue destruction by means of high-frequency electric current; also called electrodesclation
135
photodynamic theory
procedure in which cells selectively treated with an agent called photosensitizer are exposed to light to produce reaction to destroy cells
136
antiacne agents
reduce acne through multiple mechanisms
137
antifungals
alter the cell wall of fungi or disrupt enzyme activity, resulting in cell death
138
antihistamines
inhibit allergic reactions of inflammation, redness, and itching caused by the release of histamine
139
antiparasitics
kill insect parasites, such as mites and lice
140
antiseptics
topically applied agents that inhibit growth of bacteria, thus preventing infections in cuts, scratches, and surgical incisions
141
corticosteroids
decrease inflammation and itching by suppressing the immune system's inflammatory response to tissue damage
142
keratolytics
destroy and soften the outer layer of skin so that it is sloughed off or shed
143
protectives
cover, cool, dry, or soothe inflamed skin
144
topical anesthetics
block sensation of pain by numbing the skin layers and mucous membranes
145
Bx, bx
biopsy
146
BCC
basal cell carcinoma
147
C&S
culture and sensitivity
148
CA
cancer, chronological age, cardiac arrest
149
FS
frozen section
150
ID
intradermal
151
I&D
incision and drainage
152
IMP
impression (synonymous with diagnosis)
153
IV
intravenous
154
TNM
tumor-node-metastasis
155
UNG
ointment
156
XP, XDP
xeroderma pigmentosum
