Chapter 6-Deviance, Crime and Social Control

Question 1

social control

Answer 1

techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society(families, peer groups, bureaucratic organizations, and government

Question 2

Conformity

Answer 2

going along with peers

Question 3

Peers

Answer 3

individuals of our own status who have no special right to direct our behavior

Question 4

Obedience

Answer 4

compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure

Question 5

Informal Social Control

Answer 5

use of interpersonal cues through everyday interaction to enforce norms

Question 6

Formal Social Control

Answer 6

imposition of sanctions(+/-) officially recognized authorities in order to enforce norms

Question 7

Laws

Answer 7

governmental and social control, formal norms enforced by states and reflect continually changing standards of what is right and wrong

Question 8

deviance

Answer 8

behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group/society

Question 9

Stigma(Erving Goffman)

Answer 9

describes labels society uses to devalue the members of certain social groups

Question 10

Social control theory

Answer 10

our connection to other members of society leads us to conform systematically to society’s norms

Question 11

Crime

Answer 11

violation of law for which some governmental authority applies formal penalties

Question 12

Index crimes

Answer 12

FBI tracks violent crimes and property crimes

Question 13

Victimization surveys

Answer 13

survey asking a sample of a pop. whether they have been victims of a crime

Question 14

White-collar crimes

Answer 14

illegal acts committed by affluent, respectable individuals in the course of business activities

Question 15

Organized crime

Answer 15

work of groups that regulate relations among criminal enterprises involved in illegal activities

Question 16

Victimless crime

Answer 16

sometimes used to describe acts that involve the willing exchange among adults of widely desired but illegal goods and services

Question 17

Transnational crime

Answer 17

crime that occurs across multiple international borders

Question 18

Emile Durkheim argued

Answer 18

nothing is inherently deviant or criminal in any act

Question 19

Anomie

Answer 19

describe loss of direction felt in society when social control of individual behavior has become infection

Question 20

Strain theory of deviance(Robert Merton)

Answer 20

views deviance as an adaption of socially prescribed goals or means of governing their attainment

Question 21

Merton 5 basic forms of adaption to a society’s goal and means

Answer 21

1)conformity
2)innovation
3)ritualism
4)retreatism
5)rebellion

Question 22

social control theory

Answer 22

social bonds we share with other members of society lead us to conform to society’s norms

Question 23

Cultural transmission(Edwin Sutherland)

Answer 23

emphasizes that individuals learn criminal behavior by interacting with others

Question 24

differential association

Answer 24

describe the process through which exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts leads to violation of rules

Question 25

social disorganization theory

Answer 25

attributes increase in crime and deviance to the absence/breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions

Question 26

broken window hypothesis

Answer 26

holds that physical sign of decline in a community/neighborhood indicate a corresponding breakdown of social order within which crime and deviance are likely to thrive

Question 27

labeling theory

Answer 27

attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants when others engaged in the same behavior or not

Question 28

societal-reaction approach

Answer 28

reminding us that it is the response to an act, not the act itself, that determines deviance

Question 29

differential justice

Answer 29

system treats suspects differently based on their race, gender, and social class background

Question 30

4 key elements that strengthen social bonds

Answer 30

1)attachment 2)commitment 3)involvement 4)belief

Question 31

ritualism

Answer 31

Robert Merton modes of individual adaptation would one accept institutionalized means but reject societal goals