Chapter 6-Deviance, Crime and Social Control Flashcards

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1
Q

social control

A

techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society(families, peer groups, bureaucratic organizations, and government

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2
Q

Conformity

A

going along with peers

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3
Q

Peers

A

individuals of our own status who have no special right to direct our behavior

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4
Q

Obedience

A

compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure

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5
Q

Informal Social Control

A

use of interpersonal cues through everyday interaction to enforce norms

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6
Q

Formal Social Control

A

imposition of sanctions(+/-) officially recognized authorities in order to enforce norms

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7
Q

Laws

A

governmental and social control, formal norms enforced by states and reflect continually changing standards of what is right and wrong

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8
Q

deviance

A

behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group/society

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9
Q

Stigma(Erving Goffman)

A

describes labels society uses to devalue the members of certain social groups

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10
Q

Social control theory

A

our connection to other members of society leads us to conform systematically to society’s norms

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11
Q

Crime

A

violation of law for which some governmental authority applies formal penalties

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12
Q

Index crimes

A

FBI tracks violent crimes and property crimes

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13
Q

Victimization surveys

A

survey asking a sample of a pop. whether they have been victims of a crime

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14
Q

White-collar crimes

A

illegal acts committed by affluent, respectable individuals in the course of business activities

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15
Q

Organized crime

A

work of groups that regulate relations among criminal enterprises involved in illegal activities

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16
Q

Victimless crime

A

sometimes used to describe acts that involve the willing exchange among adults of widely desired but illegal goods and services

17
Q

Transnational crime

A

crime that occurs across multiple international borders

18
Q

Emile Durkheim argued

A

nothing is inherently deviant or criminal in any act

19
Q

Anomie

A

describe loss of direction felt in society when social control of individual behavior has become infection

20
Q

Strain theory of deviance(Robert Merton)

A

views deviance as an adaption of socially prescribed goals or means of governing their attainment

21
Q

Merton 5 basic forms of adaption to a society’s goal and means

A

1)conformity
2)innovation
3)ritualism
4)retreatism
5)rebellion

22
Q

social control theory

A

social bonds we share with other members of society lead us to conform to society’s norms

23
Q

Cultural transmission(Edwin Sutherland)

A

emphasizes that individuals learn criminal behavior by interacting with others

24
Q

differential association

A

describe the process through which exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts leads to violation of rules

25
Q

social disorganization theory

A

attributes increase in crime and deviance to the absence/breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions

26
Q

broken window hypothesis

A

holds that physical sign of decline in a community/neighborhood indicate a corresponding breakdown of social order within which crime and deviance are likely to thrive

27
Q

labeling theory

A

attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants when others engaged in the same behavior or not

28
Q

societal-reaction approach

A

reminding us that it is the response to an act, not the act itself, that determines deviance

29
Q

differential justice

A

system treats suspects differently based on their race, gender, and social class background

30
Q

4 key elements that strengthen social bonds

A

1)attachment
2)commitment
3)involvement
4)belief

31
Q

ritualism

A

Robert Merton modes of individual adaptation would one accept institutionalized means but reject societal goals