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Sociology > Chapter 5-Social Structure and Interaction > Flashcards

Chapter 5-Social Structure and Interaction Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Social interaction

A

shared experiences through which people relate to one another

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2
Q

how we interact with people is shaped

A

by perception of position relative to our own

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3
Q

response to someone’s behavior

A

based on meaning we attach to their actions

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4
Q

reality is shaped by

A

perceptions, evaluations, and definitions

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5
Q

social structure

A

underlying framework of a society consisting of positions people occupy and relationships between them

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6
Q

core elements of society

A

status
family
groups
education
networks
religion

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7
Q

4 building blocks of social structure

A

statues and roles
groups
social networks
social institutions

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8
Q

status

A

social positions we occupy relative to others

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9
Q

ascribed status

A

assigned to a person by society without regard for the person’s unique talents/characteristics(birth)

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10
Q

achieved status

A

social position that is within our power to change

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11
Q

master status

A

dominates other statues and determines a person’s general position within society

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12
Q

social role

A

set expectations for people who occupy a given social position/status

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13
Q

role conflict

A

occurs when incompatible expectations arise from to or more social statues held by the same person

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14
Q

role strain

A

describe difficulty that arises when the same social status imposes conflicting demands and expectations

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15
Q

role exit

A

process of disengagement from a role that is central to one’s self-identity in order to establish a new role and identity

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16
Q

Helen Rose Fuch Ebaugh’s stage model of role exit

A
  1. doubt
  2. search for alternatives
  3. action stage: leaving
  4. creation of a new identity
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17
Q

group

A

2 or more people, united by shared sense of identity/purpose who interact with each other over time in ways that distinguish them from outsiders-part of society’s social structure

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18
Q

primary groups

A

small group characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation, plays role in socialization process and development roles and status

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19
Q

secondary groups

A

formal, impersonal groups in which there is little social intimacy/mutual understanding

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20
Q

in-groups

A

groups to which people feel they belong, feel distinct and superior to those in an out-group

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21
Q

out-groups

A

groups to which people feel they don’t belong

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22
Q

reference group

A

groups that an individual uses a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior

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23
Q

Coalition

A

temporary/permanent alliance geared toward a common goal(short lived)

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24
Q

social network

A

series of social relationships that link an individuals directly to others and through them, indirectly to still more peopl

25
Q

dyad

A

basic building block of a social network is a one-to-one relationship between 2 people

26
Q

triad

A

consist of 3 people and direct and indirect relationship between them

27
Q

as social network grows in size

A

complexity is compounded and number of possible indirection relationship grows as well as potential distance between 2 individuals within the network

28
Q

friendship paradox

A

most people have fewer friends than their friends have

29
Q

happy increases

A

direct link to someone who is also happy and being central to local network

30
Q

homophily

A

describes our tendency to establish close social network relationship with others who share our same knowledge beliefs, practices, and characteristics

31
Q

social institutions

A

integrated and persistent social networks dedicated to ensuring that society’s core needs are met

32
Q

important institutions

A

family
education
religion
economy
government

33
Q

Gemeinschaft(Ferdinand Tonnies)

A

small, close-knit community, typical of rural life, where people have similar backgrounds and life experiences

34
Q

Gesellschaft(Ferdinand Tonnies)

A

characteristic of modern urban life, most people are strangers who feel little in common with one another

35
Q

mechanical solidarity(Emile Durkheim)

A

describe the social cohesion based on shared experiences and skills that is found in societies with a simple division of labor

36
Q

organic solidarity

A

social cohesion based on mutual interdependence

37
Q

Gerhard Lenski view

A

society’s level of tech is critical to the way its organized

38
Q

preindustrial societies

A

hunting-and-gathering society
horticultural society
agrarian society
dependent on human and animal power

39
Q

industrial society

A

depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services

40
Q

postindustrial society

A

engaged primarily in the processing and control of info

41
Q

postmodern society

A

technologically sophisticated, pluralistic, interconnected, globalized society

42
Q

bureaucracy

A

formal organization built upon principle of maximum efficiency, Max Weber most rational form of management ever devised

43
Q

Ideal type(Max Weber)

A

abstract model of essential characteristics of a phenomenon, helped him identify a bureaucracy core component

44
Q

bureaucracy five basic characteristics

A

division of labor
hierarchy of authority
written rules and regulations
impersonality
employment based on tech qualifications

45
Q

alienation

A

loss of control over our creative human capacity to produce, separation from the products we make and isolation from our fellow producers

46
Q

goal displacement

A

overzealous conformity to official regulations

47
Q

bureaucratization

A

refers to process by which a group, organization, or social movement increasingly relies on technical-rational decision-making in the pursuit of efficiency

48
Q

McDonaldization

A

describes the process by which principles of efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control shape organization and decision-making in U.S. and around the world

49
Q

Iron law of oligarchy

A

describes the principle that all organizations tend to develop into a bureaucracy ruled by an elite few

50
Q

scientific management(late 1800s)

A

theory of management that measures all aspects of the work process to eliminate any inefficiencies, treated like any other resources, not people whose cares and concerns matter

51
Q

human relations approach

A

emphasizes the role of people, communication, and participation in a bureaucracy

52
Q

aggregate

A

collection of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time but don’t interact regularly or have a shared purpose/practices

53
Q

centrality

A

measures degree to which any particular individual has more direct and indirect relationships than do others

54
Q

hunting-and-gathering society

A

people rely on whatever foods and fibers are readily available in order to survive

55
Q

horticultural society

A

people plant seeds and crops rather than merely subsist an available foods

56
Q

agrarian society

A

members are engaged primarily in the production of food, but they increase their crop yields through tech innovations

57
Q

elements sense of characteristics of societies today

A

stories
images
choices
networks

58
Q

constructing the self

A

learning how we should think and act through interactions with others

Sociology (15 decks)

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