Chapter 4-Socialization

Question 1

Socialization

Answer 1

lifelong process through which people learn the attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture

Question 2

The Self

Answer 2

distinct identity that sets us apart from others; continually develops and changes

Question 3

who developed the self

Answer 3

Charles Horton Coley, George Herbert Mead, and Erving Goffman

Question 4

Looking-glass self theory

Answer 4

states we become who we are based on how we think others see us

Question 5

2 components of self

Answer 5

I(acting self) and ME(socialized self)

Question 6

3 stage process of self development

Answer 6

1) preparatory stage
2) play stage
3) game stage

Question 7

preparatory stage

Answer 7

important concept of symbols, child stirring the air with a spoon imitating a parent making supper

Question 8

symbols

Answer 8

objects or words from the basis of human communication

Question 9

play stage

Answer 9

important concept of role taking

Question 10

role taking

Answer 10

process of mentally assuming the perception of another and responding from that imagined viewpoint

Question 11

game stage example

Answer 11

child(8/9) begins to consider several tasks and relationships, grasp social positions and others around them

Question 12

generalized other

Answer 12

refers to attitudes, viewpoints, and expectation of society as a whole that a child takes into account in their behavior

Question 13

dramaturgical approach(Goffman)

Answer 13

studies interaction as if we were all actors on a stage attempting to put on a successful performance

Question 14

impression management

Answer 14

altering the presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences

Question 15

face-work

Answer 15

efforts people make to maintain a proper image and avoid public embarrassment

Question 16

ethnocentrism

Answer 16

belief our group’s culture is normal and even superior to that of others

Question 17

prejudice

Answer 17

preconceived and unjustified judgement of individuals based on their membership in a particular group

Question 18

implicit bias

Answer 18

automatic, unconscious association of value(-/+) individuals based on their membership in a group/subgroup, characteristics people find desirable/undesirable

Question 19

most important socialization agent

Answer 19

family

Question 20

social development

Answer 20

exposure to cultural assumptions regarding a person’s gender role and race

Question 21

gender role

Answer 21

expectations to cultural assumptions regarding a person’s gender role and race

Question 22

impact children as they grow

Answer 22

peer groups

Question 23

rites of passage

Answer 23

rituals that mark the symbolic transition from one social position to another, dramatizing and validating changes in a person’s status

Question 24

life course approach

Answer 24

looks closely at the social factors(gender and income) influences people through their lives(birth-death)

Question 25

anticipatory socialization

Answer 25

process of rehearsing for future roles and resocialization

Question 26

total institution

Answer 26

institution that regulates all aspects of a person's life under a sing authority

Question 27

resocialization

Answer 27

discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones

Question 28

degradation ceremonies

Answer 28

subject them to hamulating rituals

Question 29

midlife crisis

Answer 29

age 40, experience stressful period of self-evaluation

Question 30

sandwich generation

Answer 30

adults who simultaneously try to meet the competing needs of their parents and children

Question 31

retirement

Answer 31

series of adjustments that varies from person to person, depends on factors such as finance and health status

Question 32

gerontology

Answer 32

study of sociological and psychological aspects of aging and the problems of the aged

Question 33

disengagement theory

Answer 33

society and aging individual sever many relationships, emphasize passing social roles from one generation ensures social stability

Question 34

activity theory

Answer 34

elderly people who remain active and socially involved will have a higher quality of life

Question 35

ageism

Answer 35

prejudice and discrimination based on a person's age

Question 36

hospice care

Answer 36

designed to allow for death with dignity and comfort

Question 37

Genie and Danielle is important

Answer 37

it emphasizes the importance of earliest socialization experience in human development

Question 38

institutions reflect...

Answer 38

change of declining role of family as caretaker

Question 39

baby talk

Answer 39

infant directed speech, provides important building blocks for what will later become a child's native language

Question 40

after long-term neglect

Answer 40

will make progress getting into society but will never be a highly functioning human being, be fearful of others, unable to communicate with others, and withdrawn

Question 41

grandparent when raising grandchildren

Answer 41

need to relearn norms and behaviors appropriate to the new setting

Question 42

shapes socialization

Answer 42

family, school, peer group, mass media, religion, and state