Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions Flashcards
Reactant
A substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction
Product
A substance that forms in a chemical reaction
Chemical energy
The energy released when a chemical compound reacts to produce new compounds
Exothermic reaction
A chemical reaction in which heat is released to the surroundings
Ex-rusting iron
Endothermic reaction
A chemical reaction that requires heat
Ex- photosynthesis
Synthesis reaction
A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound
Decomposition reaction
A reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances
Electrolysis
The process in which an electric current is used to produce a chemical reaction,such as the decomposition of water
Combustion reaction
The oxidation. Reaction of an organic compound, in which heat is released
Single-displacement reaction
A reaction in which e element or radical takes the place of another element or radical in a compound
Double displacement reaction
A reaction in which a gas, a solid precipitate, or a molecular compound forms from the apparent exchange of atoms or ions between two compounds
Oxidation-reduction reactions
Any chemical change in which one species is oxidized and another species is reduced
Radical
An organic group that has one or more elections available for bonding
Reduced
gaining of electrons
Oxidized
Loss of electrons
Chemical equation
A representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between. The reactants and the products
Mole ratio
The relative number of miles of the substances required to produce a given amount of product in a chemical reaction
Coefficient
a multiplier or factor that measures some property
Law of conservation of mass
States that mass is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations; the mass of the products in a chemical reaction must equal the mass of the reactants
Law of definite proportions
A compound always contains the same element in the same proportions, regardless of how the compound is made or how much of the compound is formed
Catalyst
A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or changed significantly
Enzyme
A type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plants and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed
Substrate
A part, substances or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element. The reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Chemical equilibrium
A state of balance in which the rate of a forward reactions equals the rate of the reverse reaction and the concentrations of products and reactants remain uncharged
