Chapter 3 States of Matter Flashcards
Solids
Fixed positions, definite shape and volume
Liquid
Definite volume but change shape, particles in a liquid are closely packed but they move past one another
Gas
Particles expand and fill in container and move rapidly
Plasma
State of matter the begins as a gas and then becomes ionized
Energy
Capacity to do work
Thermal energy
Kinetic energy of a substance’s atom
Evaporation
Change of substance from liquid to gas
Sublimation
Process of a solid directly to a gas, an be reversed
Condensation
Change from a gas to a liquid
Crystalline solids
Orderly arrangement of atoms and molecules
Surface tension
The force on the particles at the surface of a certain liquid that cause drops to form a spherical shape
Kinetic energy
An energy of motion
Heat
A transfer of energy that causes temperature to change which leads to a change in state
Endothermic energy
Require energy
Ex. Melting
Exothermic energy
Energy is releases form substance during a change
Ex. Like condensation and freezing
Fluid
Non solid state of matter in which atoms or molecules are able to move freely past one another
Buoyant force
The upward force forced on an object floating or in a fluid
Pressure
The amount of force put upon per unit area of a surface
Archimedes’ principle
The Principle that states that the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is an upward force equal to the weight of the volume of a fluid that an object displaces
Pascal
The SI unit of pressure
PA
Pascal’s principle
The principle that states that fluid in equilibrium or is equal to is contained in a vessel exerts pressure of equal intensity in all directions
Viscosity
The resistance of a gas or liquid to flow
Boyle’s law
The law that states that for a fixed amount of a certain gas at a constant temperature, the volume of gas will increase as the pressure decreases. The opposite occurs if the rules are reversed.
Charles’s law
The law that states that as the pressure of a gas stay constant the volume of a gas increases so will the temperature
Gay-Lussac’s Law
States that pressure of a gas at a constant volume is proportional to the absolute amount of temperature
Amorphous solids
Composed of atoms or molecules not in a particular order
