Chapter 6: CAM, Integrative Medicine and Health,and Early Pioneers Flashcards
According to the National health interview survey what were the order of most common used cam techniques
- nonvitamin, nonmineral dietary supplements that have stayed fairly consistent
2.Deep breathing used independently or as an adjunct to other approaches
3.Yoga, tai chi, and qigong
4.hiropractic and osteopathic manipulation
5.Meditation
What had no significant change and remained fairly low in all three time periods
Ayrurveda, biofeedback, guided imagery hypnosis and energy healing
True or false: More females and older students use CAM
true
Approximately __ million Americans spend __ billion out of pocket on CAM
59 million Americans
30.2 billion
True or False: We can assume that in the future there will be an increase in CAM use and costs
true
By Kaptchuk and Eisenberg: what are the four major elements of the persuasive appeal of CAM
- association of CAM with nature, a metaphor for many alternative medicines or therapies (organic, words like pure vs synthetic)
2.Vitalsim-the body’s capacity to heal itself, the enhancement of balancing of life forces, qi (chi) or psychic energy is a main theme and belief in the concept of vitalism
3.Science, more person-friendly science that embraces the concept of holism, sickness is viewed as a result of a weakened body that has fallen into an unbalanced condition , the person is treated not just the symptom or disease
4.spirituality-CAM offers a satisfying unification of the physical and spiritual because it bridges the gap between the domain of medical science and religion or spirituality and the patient is allowed to make connections with nature and the universe
Motives for using CAM
-patients using CAM may be essentially neurotic, therefore drawn to touching/taking approach of many therapies
-people who have a better understanding of the workings of the human body and attracted to CAM therapists because diagnosis and treatment involve them more in the process
True or false: It is clear that, in general, CAM does not replace conventional medicine. Rather, it serves as a substitute in some particular situations and as an adjunct in others. Some individuals simply will not use an alternative therapy when not considered appropriate for the condition in question.
False
Barriers to CAM
-expense
-lack of knowledge
-fear that alternative therapies are harmful
NCCIH definition of integrative medicine or integrative health care
“bringing conventional and complementary approaches together in a coordinated way
Dr. Weil definition of integrative medicine
Integrative medicine is healing-oriented medicine that takes account of the whole person (body, mind and spirit) including all aspects of lifestyle. It emphasizes the therapeutic relationship and makes use of all appropriate therapies, both conventional and alternative
True or False: The knowledge and use of CAM is an important aspect of integrative medicine and health that helps attain a more in-depth understanding of the nature of illness, and wellness
true
Integrative medicine Snyderman and Weil defeniton
a movement driven by consumers who sought alternative healing methods. Eventually, integrative medicine gained the attention of academic health centers.
What is the Academic consortium for integrative medicine and health
-made in may 2004 outcome of integrative medicine and alternative healthcare movement
-membership consists of 57 highly reputable academic centers and is supported by the membership dues and grants from partners such as the Bravewell Collaborative
Another outcome of the integrative medicine movement
national summit convened by the Bravewell Collaborative and the Institute of Medicine in February 2009 to explore integrative medicine’s potential to improve the U.S. healthcare system.1
Herbert Benson
-First he conducted research on monkeys that linked stress to physical health
-Dr. Benson and a colleague, Robert Wallace, researched the effects of Transcendental Meditation® (TM) on blood pressure. Benson and Wallace found that subjects who practiced TM, and who were able to change thought patterns, experienced decreases in their metabolism, rate of breathing, and heart rate, and had slower brain waves. They believed the technique was useful for treating conditions such as insomnia, anxiety, hypertension, and chronic pain. Dr. Benson studied other meditative techniques (e.g., diaphragmatic breathing, repetitive prayer, qigong, tai chi, yoga, progressive muscle relaxation, jogging, and even knitting) that he found also produced a relaxed state. He labeled it the “relaxation response,” which is the foundation of mind–body medicine.
David Eisenberg MD
here, he mastered Chinese and attended the Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine while learning Eastern healing modalities (e.g., acupuncture, tai chi). In 1993, he was the medical advisor to the PBS series Healing and the Mind with Bill Moyers. Dr. Eisenberg became an MD specializing in internal medicine and joined the faculty at Harvard. He directed two large national U.S. surveys on the use of CAM therapies; wrote a text Encounters with Qi; and has published many scientific data-based research studies. Currently, Dr. Eisenberg is the director of Harvard Medical School’s Osher Research Center and is the program director of Integrative Medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts
Bernard Siegel, MD
He spent much of his life teaching techniques to help cancer patients use their own body energy to help in the healing process, techniques such as meditation and positive imagery. He also believes in using humor as a healing technique. To further his belief in patients’ self-healing power, he founded ECaP (Exceptional Cancer Patients) a type of individual and group therapy support that uses drawings, dreams, positive imagery, and other holistic methods. Dr. Siegel has published several best-selling books promoting holistic healing methods, including Love, Medicine and Miracles; Peace, Love & Healing; and How to Live Between Office Visits
Andrew Weil
Dr. Weil became a clinical professor at the University of Arizona Medical Center in 1983. While there, he established the Foundation for Integrative Medicine, and in 1994, Dr. Weil founded the Program in Integrative Medicine. Now, it is known as the Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, and Dr. Weil is the program director.22 Through his speeches, television appearances, and writings by way of news articles and texts, Dr. Weil’s views about CAM therapies and integrative medicine have gained widespread acceptance. His website features “Ask Dr. Weil,” a popular venue accessed by individuals wanting information about CAM therapies, including botanicals.
Deepak Chopra MD
He is cofounder of the Chopra Center for Wellbeing, where he serves as the director of education.23 The Chopra Center offers training programs in physical, emotional, and spiritual healing. Dr. Chopra gives workshops utilizing Ayurveda medicine modalities and practical tools of mind–body healing such as energy healing, guided meditation, visualization, and writing exercises.
True or False: t patients going to orthodox physicians will be more likely to disclose the CAM therapies that they are using, especially herbal medicines that could potentially interact with prescription drugs.
true
What did the journey of integrative medicine begin with
development of wellness programs in which people became more proactive about preventing diseases and taking responsibility for their own health
Who was one of the first to develop a wellness program in 1950s
Halbert Dunn
what study gave legitimacy to wellness programs, and caused them to proliferate in the 1990s and 2000s
1990 study by Dean Ornish, showing that lifestyle changes can eventually reverse heart diseases
What two extremely important developments occurred at the government level
the establishment of the NCCIH and the formation of the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy.
NCCIH
its establishment is one of the most important milestones that given scientific credence to select CAM practices
the main mission remains the same and that is to fund and conduct research about complementary health approaches.
The white house commission on complementary and alternative medicine policy
In March 2000, President Clinton appointed 20 people (physicians, registered nurses, PhDs, CAM practitioners) to the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy.30 The commission was to make legislative and administrative recommendations to aid public policy in ensuring the safety of products and practices that had been, or might be, labeled “CAM” and to identify potential benefits for the public
recommendations on the roles of the federal government
The federal government should disclose research findings; ensure the safety of products; help assess the appropriate levels of training of various CAM practitioners and the research regarding their practice; aid in evaluating the different ways that states are regulating CAM practitioners; and facilitate dialogue among CAM and conventional providers, scientists, and the public. The report also emphasized that states can take a leadership role in the regulation of CAM practitioners and orthodox practitioners who incorporate CAM into their practices.
What is the white house commission on complementary and alternative medicine policy advocating for
the education and training of conventional health professionals should include CAM and that the training of CAM practitioners should include conventional health care.
how many medical centers and agencies formed the Consortium of Academic Health Centers for Integrative Medicine
57
What are the CAM educational curricula needs
(1) focus on critical thinking and critical reading of the literature; (2) identify thematic content and express topics in clear language; (3) formulate concise learning objectives; (4) include an experiential component; (5) promote a willingness to communicate professionally with CAM clinicians; and (6) teach students to talk with patients about alternative therapies.
what do Brokaw and colleagues advocate that cam studies do
CAM studies should emphasize a critical evaluation of the scientific literature, should enlist the involvement of basic science departments, and should avoid advocacy of unproven therapies.
Society of General internal Medicine
The SGIM laid out primary goals for physicians regarding CAM practices so that they could better understand the basic theories, benefits, risks, evidence basis for therapies, and how to adopt a nonjudgmental attitude about CAM to enhance their patient–doctor relationships. Secondary goals of the SGIM were to help patients integrate CAM and conventional therapies at appropriate times.
Over __% of conventional physicians in the United States use or refer patients to some CAM treatments
50%
The American Medical Association has issued a proclamation to all members encouraging them to become….
involved in the scientific evaluation of alternative medicine
True or False: The acquisition and the healing of diseases, however, is a complicated process and often requires more than traditional therapies.
true
True or false: ealing requires a harmony of the mind, body, and spirit and a healthy lifestyle
true
True or False: Positive health practices will aid the person who does get ill and will help them achieve a higher level of wellness faster.
true
What is one of the most important concepts to understand
people heal in different ways, that is, what works well for one person may not work for another.
Affordable care act
mandates that certain licensed health care practitioners such as massage therapist and acupuncturists should not be discriminated against, but the Act does not require that the insurance company is mandated to cover the payment.
True or false: Insurance companies don’t recognize that more people are seeking out alternative practitioners and are responding to that by offering health insurance
false; THEY DO
What program did medicare agree to cover
Dr. Dean Ornish lifestyle program
What does the proposal that a new NIH institute be formed
-A National institute of Healing
-type of institue or center could investigate all healing phenomena, spontaneous remissions of cancer, and other diseases
True or False: We should be responsible consumers of our health care when making decisions while selecting alternative health care therapies
true
