Chapter 5: conventional medicine and health care Flashcards
What percent of college students use some form of over the counter care
74%
The centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) tips for college health and safety
eat healthy and be physically active- diet, 2.5 hours of exercise
stay safe-1.get enough sleep, 2. avoid the overuse of alcohol, 3. building social supports while retaining time for yourself 4. seeking the necessary help if struggling with depression or suicidal thoughts
prevent the spread of infectious disease-get tested and know your status
avoid substance abuse -understand impact of binge drinking
what do symptoms help
help determine what the cause is and what approach or medicine could be used to help
The food and drug administration (FDA)
responsible for the monitoring and approval of OTC drugs,
The FDA states a drug will become available OTC under what following circumstances
-the drugs benefits outweigh the drugs risks
-the potential for misuse and abuse is low
-the consumer can use them for self-diagnosed conditions
-the drug can be adequately labeled
-health practitioners are not needed for the safe and effective use of the product
two forms of pain relievers (analgesics)
acetaminophen and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Acetaminophen
marketed as Tylenol
reduces the sensation of pain by blocking pain receptors in the brain and spinal cord
NSAIDs
slows the production of enzymes that, in turn, slow the production of prostaglandins
Prostaglandins
responsible for swelling and pain production when the body has suffered an injury , by reducing the amount produced by the body, NSAIDs reduce swelling and pain
different types of NSAIDS
Aspirin-oldest
Ibuprofen- Motrin, Advil
Ketoprofen-found in products like orudis
Naproxin-found in products like aleve
Anthistamines
counteract the symptoms associated with an allergic reaction
Histamine
released when a body senses a foreign object, causes runny nose, sneezing, scratchy eyes, throat
Decongestant
medication needed for stuffy nose and difficulty breathing
Methamphetamine
pulled from OTC by patriot act
-highly addictive, quickly destructive amphetamine that uses pseudoephedrine as its main ingredient
Medicines designed to stop the cough reflex are called
antitussives
Expectorant
thins and loosens the phlegm so the cough is more “productive” allowing the phlegms removal
Simple ways to get potential relief of cold or flu
Rest- body only heals while at rest
Warm salt water gargle-simple and effective
Hot steamy shower
Nurse practitioner
registered nurse who has obtained advanced education and clinical training
Physician assistant
can provide many services and works under the guidance of a physician
-they may take medical histories, examine and treat patients, order and interpret laboratory tests and X-rays and make diagnoses
Allopathic physician
considered the conventional MD
MCAT
medical college admissions test
-new mcat 472 being the minimum score and 528 being the maximum, the average score to gain entrance into med school being 500
Med school
4 years of preclinical and clinical aspects
how many approximate active MD physicians
854,000
Osteopathic physician
-practice a whole person approach to health care
-also considered conventional physicians
-understand how all the body’s systems and believe that disease and its symptoms may be caused by disturbance of bones, muscles or ligaments
flexner report
report published in 1910, Flexner found discrepancies among medical schools in terms of length of program and types of courses
-as a result of the study certain schools closed and others were reorganized and restructured
By what year did the American medical council have a monopoly over the education and licensing of physicians
1926
-thereafter all medical schools in the united states were based at universities and the curriculum became consistent and rigorous among all medical schools
How to find a physician for you
Personal criteria, sex , age, physicians office, location
if your insurance plan works with this type of physician
recommendation from family or friend
researching online
The joint commission
the joint commission accredits approximately 4,023 general childrens long-term acute, psychiatric, rehabilitation and speciality hospitals and 366 critical access hospitals through an accreditation program
What percent of the nations hospitals are currently accredited by the joint commission
88%
true or false hospitals can be private and public
true
public hospital
owned by the government and recieves government funding-people may recieve care free of charge
healthcare conglomerates
composed of hospitals, clinics and research facilities that either include or are affiliated to a medical school
Major medical centres
considered the crown jewels of health care in the United States
vary greatly in their organization, the services they provide and their ownership and operation (Cleveland clinic, may clinic)
Patient protection and affordable care act
-ensuring coverage for those people with preexisting conditions
-ensuring the right to choose your doctor
-ensuring fair treatment when you need emergency care
-making sure your policy cannot be canceled unfairly
-ending annual and lifetime limits
-enhancing access to preventative services
-Ensuring your right to appeal health plan decisions
-ensuring young adult coverage under their parents plan
If our rights are taken from us what can we do
sue the hospital or physcian
Medical malpractice
professional negligence by axt or omission by a healthcare provider in which care provided deviates from accepted standards of practice in the medical community and causes injury or death to the patient
True or False: malpractice has to be proven in court
true
estimated that _ out of _ cases are settled in court
9 out of 10
