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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6: Blood & The Lymphatic & Immune Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Blood & The Lymphatic & Immune Systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Platelets

A

Initiates blood clotting process

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2
Q

What are the formed elements of blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes
Platelets
Leukocytes
Plasma

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3
Q

The average adults has how much blood?

A

5 liters

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4
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

The process in which blood cells are produces in red bone marrow

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5
Q

What are the proteins in plasma?

A

Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen

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6
Q

Albumin

A

Helps transport fatty substances

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7
Q

Globulin

A

Gamma globulins are antibodies

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8
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Blood clotting Protein

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9
Q

What are red blood cells?

A

Enucleated erythrocytes

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10
Q

What gives red blood cells their color?

A

Hemoglobin

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11
Q

What is the lifespan of a red blood cell?

A

120 days

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12
Q

What are White blood cells?

A

Leukocytes that provide protection against pathogens.

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13
Q

What are the 2 categories for white blood cells?

A

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

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14
Q

Granulocytes

A

Have granules in cytoplasm

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15
Q

Agranulocytes

A

No granules in cytoplasm

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of granulocytes?

A

Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils

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17
Q

Basophils

A

Release histamine & heparin to damaged tissue

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18
Q

Eosinophils

A

Destroy parasites & increase during allergic reaction

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19
Q

Neutrophils

A

Important for phagocytosis

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20
Q

What are the 2 types of Agranulocytes?

A

Monocytes

Lymphocytes

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21
Q

Monocytes

A

Important for phagocytosis

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22
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Provide protection through immunity

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23
Q

What are platelets?

A

Also known as thrombocytes, they are critical in clotting. They lead to the formation of thrombin.

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24
Q

Agglutinate

A

Clots that form into small clusters when blood vessel is damaged.

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25
Q

Thrombin

A

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

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26
Q

Type A Blood

A

Produces anti-B antibodies that attack type B & AB blood.

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27
Q

Type B Blood

A

Produces anti-A antibodies that attacks type A & AB blood.

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28
Q

Type O Blood

A

Produces anti-A & anti-B antibodies that attacks type A, type B, & type AB blood.

29
Q

Type AB Blood

A

Produces no antibodies that does not attack any other type of blood.

30
Q

Universal Donor

A

A type O blood that does not have an antibody, so it will not attack any blood type.

31
Q

Universal Recipient

A

A type AB blood that has no antibodies against other blood types and therefore, receive any type of blood.

32
Q

Rh+

A

Will not make anti-Rh antibodies

33
Q

Rh-

A

Will produce anti-Rh antibodies

34
Q

agranulocyte

A

white blood cell without granules

35
Q

sanguinous

A

pertaining to blood

36
Q

thrombocytosis

A

condition of having too many platelets

37
Q

thronbopenia

A

condition of having too few platelets

38
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Blood protein

39
Q

What are the 5 organs of the lymphatic System?

A 
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels
Thymus gland
Spleen
Tonsils
40
Q

Lymph

A

fluid within lymphatic vessels

41
Q

Lacteals

A

lymph vessels around the small intestine that assists with fat absorption

42
Q

Lymphatic Vessels

A

One-way pipe conducting lymph from tissues toward thoracic activity using valves to prevent backflow

43
Q

What is the progress of lymphatic vessels?

A

Lymph capillaries in tissues merge into larger lymph vessels that drain into one of two large lymphatic ducts in thoracic activity

44
Q

Lymph Nodes

A

Removes pathogens & cell debris from lymph as it passes through
Traps and destroys cells from cancerous tumors

45
Q

Tonsils

A

Collections of lymphatic tissue located on each side of throat

46
Q

What are the 3 sets of tonsils?

A

Palatine
Pharyngeal
Lingual

47
Q

Spleen

A

Consists of lymphatic tissue that is highly infiltrated with blood vessels

48
Q

What is the function of a spleen?

A

Phagocytic macrophages line blood sinuses to remove pathogens
Filters out and destroys old red blood cells, recycling iron

49
Q

Thymus Gland

A

Secretes hormone

Changes lymphocytes to T Lymphocytes (T Cells)

50
Q

Whaat are the 2 forms of immunity?

A

Natural

Acquired

51
Q

Natural Immunity

A

Doesn’t require prior exposure to pathogen

52
Q

Acquired Immunity

A

Body’s response to a specific pathogen

May be either Passive or Active

53
Q

Passive Acquired Immunity

A

When a person receives protective substances produced by another human or animal

54
Q

Active Acquired Immunity

A

Develops following direct exposure to pathogen

Stimulates immune response

55
Q

Immune Response

A

Antigens stimulate immune response

56
Q

What are the 2 different processes of Immune Response

A

Humoral immunity

Cellular Immunity

57
Q

Humeral Immunity

A

Production of B lymphocytes

58
Q

Cellular Immunity

A

Produces T Cells and Natural Killer Cells

59
Q

Nosocomial Infection

A

Acquired in the hospital

60
Q

Cross Infection

A

Pathogen acquired from another person

61
Q

Reinfection

A

Becomes infected again with same pathogen

62
Q

Self-Inoculation

A

Pathogen from one part of the patient’s body spreads to another part of the body

63
Q

axillary

A

pertaining to the underarm region

64
Q

immunoglobulins

A

antibodies secreted by B cells; assist in protecting the body

65
Q

inguinal

A

pertaining to the groin region

66
Q

lymphangial

A

pertaining to the lymph vessels

67
Q

urticaria

A

severe itching associated with hives

68
Q

White Blood Cells

A

Fight infection & disease

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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