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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Integumentary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

skin

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2
Q

Where are the sensory receptors located?

A

Within the middle layer of the skin

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3
Q

What dot the sensory receptors detect?

A

Temperature
Pain
Touch
Pressure

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4
Q

What are sweat glands?

A

They assist body in maintaining internal temperature that creates a cooling effect when sweat evaporates.

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5
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

A

They are oil glands that lubricate the skin surface and produces sebum.

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6
Q

How does the skin cool?

A

Sweat evaporation

Dilate superficial blood vessels to release heat

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7
Q

How does the skin conserve heat?

A

Constrict superficial blood vessels to keep warm blood away from surface.
Continuous fat layer acts as insulation.

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8
Q

What are the three layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer

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9
Q

Epidermis

A

Thin, outer membrane layer composed of flat like cells arranged in strata. Has no blood supply or connective tissue

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10
Q

Dermis

A

Middle, fibrous connective tissue layer composed of connective tissue and collagen fibers, giving it flexible strength. Has very good blood supply.

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11
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

innermost layer of fatty tissue, composed of lipocytes and acts as insulation for heat/cold.

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12
Q

Basal Layer

A

The deepest layer in the epidermis. Cells continuously grow and push out the old cells toward the surface that shrink die, and fill with keratin.

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13
Q

Keratin

A

a hard protein in dead cells that allow skin to act as a barrier to infection

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14
Q

Melanocytes

A

Special cells of the basal layer that produces melanin which gives skin color and protects against ultraviolet rays.

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15
Q

What organs are located in the Dermis?

A

Hair
Nails
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands

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16
Q

What are the 4 parts of the hair?

A

Hair follicle
Hair root
Hair shaft
Arrector pili muscle

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17
Q

How is the hair shaft formed?

A

Within the hair follicle, deep cells of hair root force older cells to move upward towards surface

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18
Q

What gives hair its color?

A

melanin

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19
Q

Arrector Pili

A

Slip of smooth muscle that causes hair to “stand up”

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20
Q

What are the 6 parts of the nail?

A 
Nail body
Nail bed
lunula
nail root
cuticle
free edge
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21
Q

What is the Nail Body?

A

Flat plate of keratin

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22
Q

What is the nail bed?

A

Connects nail body to underlying tissue

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23
Q

What is the cuticle?

A

Soft tissue that covers nail root.

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24
Q

Where does sweat travel to int he sweat gland?

A

To surface in sweat duct.

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25
Q

Apocrine Glands

A

Found in the pubic or underarm areas that produces an odor when sweating.

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26
Q

cutaneous

A

pertaining to the skin

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27
Q

dermal

A

pertaining to the skin

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28
Q

epidermal

A

pertaining to upon the skin

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29
Q

hypodermic

A

pertaining to under the skin

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30
Q

intradermal

A

pertaining to within the skin

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31
Q

subcutaneous

A

pertaining to under the skin

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32
Q

ungual

A

pertaining to the nail

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33
Q

abrasion

A

friction scraping away skin surface

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34
Q

anhidrosis

A

condition of producing no sweat

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35
Q

comedo

A

hardened sebum in hair follicle; blackhead

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36
Q

contusion

A

injury caused by a blow; causes swelling, pain, and bruising

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37
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish tint to the skin caused by deoxygenated blood

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38
Q

cyst

A

fluid-filled sac under the skin

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39
Q

depigmentation

A

loss of normal skin color

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40
Q

diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating

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41
Q

ecchymosis

A

blood collecting under the skin following blunt trauma; a bruise

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42
Q

erythema

A

red flushing of the skin

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43
Q

erythroderma

A

having reddened or flushed skin

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44
Q

eschar

A

thick layer of dead tissue develops over a deep burn area

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45
Q

fissure

A

crack-like lesion on skin

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46
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive hair growth

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47
Q

hyperemia

A

redness of skin due to increased blood flow

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48
Q

hyperhidrosis

A

excessive sweating

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49
Q

hyperpigmentation

A

abnormal amount of pigmentation

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50
Q

ichthyoderma

A

scaly and dry skin

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51
Q

lesion

A

general term for injury or abnormality

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52
Q

leukoderma

A

white skin from lack of skin pigment

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53
Q

lipoma

A

fatty mass

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54
Q

macule

A

flat, discolored spot on skin

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55
Q

necrosis

A

condition of cell or tissue death

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56
Q

nevus

A

pigmented skin blemish, birthmark, or mole; usually benign

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57
Q

nodule

A

form, solid mass larger than 0.5 cm

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58
Q

onychomalacia

A

softening of nails

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59
Q

pailor

A

abnormal paleness of skin

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60
Q

papule

A

small, solid raised spot smaller than 0.5 cm

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61
Q

petechiae

A

spots from minute hemorrhages under skin

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62
Q

photosenitivity

A

skin reacts abnormally to light

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63
Q

pruritus

A

severe itching

64
Q

purpura

A

skin hemorrhage due to fragile blood vessels

65
Q

purrlent

A

infection producing pus; dead bacteria, white blood cells, and tissue debris

66
Q

pustule

A

raised spot on skin containing pus

67
Q

pyoderma

A

having pus on or within the skin

68
Q

scleroderma

A

hardened skin

69
Q

seborrhea

A

oily discharge

70
Q

suppurative

A

containing or producing pus

71
Q

ulcer

A

open sore in skin

72
Q

urticaria

A

hives; eruption of wheals with severe itching

73
Q

vesicle

A

small, fluid-filled, raised spot; blister

74
Q

wheal

A

small, round, swollen area; typical of allergic skin reaction

75
Q

xeroderma

A

abnormally dry skin

76
Q

abscess

A

collection of pus in skin

77
Q

acne

A

inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles with papules and pustules

78
Q

acne rosacea

A

chronic form of adult acne with redness and tiny pimples, primarily on nose

79
Q

acne vulgaris

A

common form of teenage acne with comedo, papules, and pustulates

80
Q

albinism

A

genetic condition; unable to make melanin; white hair and skin, and red eyes

81
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor in basal skin layer; common cancer; rarely metastasizes

82
Q

burn

A

skin damage caused by fire, electricity, ultraviolet light, or caustic chemicals; percentage of skin burned is estimated by Rule of Nines

83
Q

First Degree Burn

A

skin reddened and painful; no blisters; damage to epidermis

84
Q

Second degree burn

A

skin reddened and painful with blisters; damage to epidermis and dermis

85
Q

Third degree burn

A

skin charred; epidermis and dermis burned away; subcutaneous layer exposed

86
Q

celluitis

A

diffuse acute infection of connective tissue of skin

87
Q

cicatrix

A

normal scar

88
Q

decubitis ulcer

A

open sore caused by pressure over bony prominences; caused by loss of blood flow to skin

89
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

90
Q

dermatosis

A

presence of a skin condition

91
Q

dry gangrene

A

late stages of gangrene; affected area becomes dried, blackened, and shriveled

92
Q

eczema

A

superficial dermatitis; redness, vesicles, itching, and crusting

93
Q

gangrene

A

tissue necrosis due to loss of blood flow

94
Q

ichthyosis

A

skin becomes dry, scaly, and keratinized

95
Q

impetigo

A

highly infections bacterial infection with pustules that rupture and crust over

96
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

skin cancer seen in AIDS patients; brownish-purple lesions

97
Q

keloid

A

thick hypertrophic scar

98
Q

keratosis

A

condition of excessive growth and thickening of epidermis layer

99
Q

laceration

A

torn or jagged wound

100
Q

malignant melanoma (MM)

A

dangerous form of cancer; begins in melanocytes; quickly metastasizes

101
Q

pediculosis

A

lice infestation

102
Q

psoriasis

A

chronic inflammatory condition with papules forming “silvery scale” patches

103
Q

rubella

A

contagious viral infection; german measles

104
Q

scabies

A

mite infection

105
Q

sebaceous cyst

A

sebum filled sac forms around sebaceous gland

106
Q

squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

A

cancer of epidermis layer; may invade deeper tissue and metastasizes

107
Q

strawberry hemangioma

A

congenital collection of dilated blood vessels; birthmark

108
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

chronic disease of connective tissue; injures skin, joints and kidneys; produces red, scaly butterfly rash across face

109
Q

tinea

A

fungal infection; itching and scaling lesions

110
Q

tinea captis

A

fungal infection on scalp; ringworm

111
Q

tinea pedis

A

fungal infection of foot; athlete’s foot

112
Q

varicella

A

contagious viral infection; chickenpox

113
Q

verruca

A

warts; benign growth caused by a virus

114
Q

vitillgo

A

disappearance of pigment from skin in patches; causes milk-white lesions

115
Q

wet gangrene

A

area of gangrene with secondary bacterial infection and pus

116
Q

alopecia

A

absence or loss of hair; baldness

117
Q

carbuncle

A

furuncle involving several hair follicles

118
Q

furuncle

A

bacterial infection of hair follicle; reddened, pain, and swelling; a boil

119
Q

trichomycosis

A

fungal infection of hair

120
Q

onychia

A

infected nail bed

121
Q

onychomycosis

A

fungal infection of nail

122
Q

onychophagia

A

nail biting

123
Q

paronychia

A

infection of skin fold around nail

124
Q

Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)

A

grows bacteria removed from infected area to identify infecting bacteria; then determines sensitivity to various antibiotics

125
Q

biposy

A

removal of piece of tissue to examine under a microscope; aids in diagnosis

126
Q

exfoliative cytology

A

scraping cells from tissue to examine under micrscope

127
Q

frozen section

A

thin piece of tissue is cut from frozen specimen for rapid examination under microscope

128
Q

fungal scrapings

A

scrapings from lesion is cultured and then examined under microscope

129
Q

skin graft

A

transfer of skin from one normal area to cover another site

130
Q

allograft

A

skin graft from one person to another, also called homograft

131
Q

autograft

A

skin graft from one person’s own body

132
Q

xenograft

A

skin graft from an animal of another species; usually a pig; also called a heterograft

133
Q

dermatome

A

instrument for cutting sin or for producing thin transplants of skin

134
Q

dermatoplasty

A

skin grafting

135
Q

cauterization

A

destruction of tissue by using chemicals, electricity, heat, or freezing

136
Q

cryosurgery

A

use of extreme cold to freeze and destroy tissue

137
Q

curettage

A

removal of superficial skin lesion with a scraper

138
Q

debridement

A

removal of foreign material and dead or damage tissue from wound

139
Q

electrocautery

A

using an electric current to destroy tissue

140
Q

incision and drainage

A

making and incision to drain material such as pus

141
Q

onychetomy

A

surgical removal of a nail

142
Q

chemabrasion

A

abrasions using chemicals; chemical peel

143
Q

dermabrasion

A

abrasion using wire brushes or sandpaper; removes scars, tattoos

144
Q

laser therapy

A

removal of lesion using a laser beam

145
Q

liposuction

A

removal of fat beneath skin by means of suction

146
Q

rhytidectomy

A

surgical removal of excess skin to eliminate wrinkles; face lift

147
Q

anesthetic

A

deaden pain

148
Q

antibiotic

A

kill bacteria

149
Q

antifungal

A

kill fungi

150
Q

antiparasitic

A

kill mites or lice

151
Q

antipruritic

A

reduce severe itching

152
Q

antispetic

A

kill bateria

153
Q

anti-viral

A

treat herpes simplex infection

154
Q

corticosteroid cream

A

powerful anti-inflammatory

155
Q

What are the organs of the integumentary system?

A 
Skin
Hair
Nails
Sweat Glands
Sebaceous glands

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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