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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the organs of the Cardiovascular system?

A

Heart
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

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2
Q

What is the cardiovascular system divided into?

A

Pulmonary Circulation

Systemic Circulation

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3
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

Between heart and cells of body

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4
Q

In the systemic circulation, how is oxygenated blood carried?

A

Away from the left side of heart to body

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5
Q

In the systemic circulation, how is deoxygenated blood carried?

A

From the body to the right side of the heart.

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6
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

Between Heart and Lungs

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7
Q

In the pulmonary circulation, how is deoxygenated blood carried?

A

Away from the right side of the heart to lungs

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8
Q

In the pulmonary circulation, how is oxygenated blood carried?

A

From lungs to the left side of the heart

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9
Q

What happens when the heart contracts?

A

Blood is ejected from the heart

Pushed throughout body within blood vessels

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10
Q

What is the heart made of?

A

Cardiac muscle fibers

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11
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the mediastinum directly behind the sternum

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12
Q

Apex

A

Tip of heart at lower edge

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13
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

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14
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner layer that lines the heart chambers. Smooth, thin layer that reduces friction as the blood passes through heart chambers

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15
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle layer made of thick muscle.

Contraction of this layer develops the pressure required to pump blood through blood vessels

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16
Q

Epicardium

A

Outer layer that forms the visceral layer of pericardial sac

Fluid between layers of pericardial sac reduces friction as heart beats

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17
Q

What are the chambers of the heart?

A

Atria

Ventricles

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18
Q

What are the heart chambers divided by?

A

Septum

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19
Q

Atria

A

Left and right upper chambers
Receiving chambers
blood returns to atria in veins

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20
Q

What veins are in the atria?

A

Pulmonary veins

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21
Q

Ventricles

A

Left and right lower chambers
pumping chambers
blood exits into arteries

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22
Q

What are the 4 valves of the heart

A

tricuspid
pulmonary
mitral
aortic

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23
Q

What are heart valves?

A

Controls direction of blood flow

Found at exit and entrances of ventricles

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24
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

Atrioventricular valve
Between right atrium and ventricle
Prevents blood in ventricle from flowing back into atrium

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25
Q

How many leaflets/ cusps does the tricuspid valve have

A

3

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26
Q

Pulmonary Valve

A

A semilunar valve
Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Prevents blood in artery from flowing back into ventricle

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27
Q

Semilunar

A

Valve looks like half moon

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28
Q

Mitral Valve

A

Atrioventricle valve
Between left atrium and ventricle
Prevents blood from flowing back into atrium

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29
Q

How many cusps does the Mitral valve have?

A

2

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30
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

has 2 cusps

31
Q

Aortic Valve

A

A semilunar valve
between left ventricle an aorta
Prevents blood in aorta from flowing back into ventricle

32
Q

What are the 2 large veins in the right atrium?

A

Superior vena cava

Inferior Vena Cava

33
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation phase of the heart chambers

34
Q

systole

A

Contraction phase of the heart chambers

35
Q

Sinoatrial node (SA)

A

Pacemaker

36
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

37
Q

Lumen

A

channel within blood vessels

38
Q

Arteries

A

Large vessels in which the walls contain smooth muscle and can dilate or constrict

39
Q

Arterioles

A

smaller vessels branched from arteries

40
Q

What carries blood away from the heart?

A

Arteries

41
Q

What do coronary arteries supply?

A

myocardium

42
Q

Capillary bed

A

thin-walled vessels that form capillaries

43
Q

Venules

A

smallest veins

44
Q

What carries blood towards the heart?

A

Veins

45
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Measurement of force exerted by blood against walls of a vessel

46
Q

What characteristics can affect blood pressure?

A

Volume of blood

Amount of resistance to blood flow

47
Q

What happens during ventricular systole?

A

Blood is under great pressure

Give highest pressure

48
Q

What happens during ventricular diastole

A

Blood isn’t being pushed from the heart

Blood pressure is at the lowest point

49
Q

aortic

A

pertaining to the aorta

50
Q

arterial

A

pertaining to an artery

51
Q

arteriole

A

a small artery

52
Q

atrial

A

pertaining to the atrium

53
Q

cardiac

A

pertaining to the heart

54
Q

coronary

A

pertaining to the heart

55
Q

interatrial

A

pertaining to between the atria

56
Q

interventricular

A

pertaining to between the ventricles

57
Q

myocardial

A

pertaining to the heart muscle

58
Q

valvular

A

pertaining to a valve

59
Q

vascular

A

pertaining to a blood vessel

60
Q

venous

A

pertaining to a vein

61
Q

ventricular

A

pertaining to a ventricle

62
Q

venule

A

a small vein

63
Q

angitis

A

inflammation of a vessel

64
Q

angiospasm

A

involuntary contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessels; narrows the vessel

65
Q

angiostenosis

A

narrowing of a vessel

66
Q

bradycardia

A

a slow heart rate, typically below 60 beats per minute

67
Q

embolus

A

obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off a thrombus in another site

68
Q

infarct

A

area of necrotic tissue due to loss of blood supply

69
Q

ischemia

A

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to a circulatory obstruction

70
Q

murmur

A

sound, in addition to normal heart sounds; may or may not indicate an abnormality

71
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up suddenly

72
Q

palpitations

A

pounding, racing heartbeats

73
Q

plaque

A

yellow; fatty deposits of lipids in an artery; hallmark of atherosclerosis

74
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

Distribute blood
Delivery of needed substances to cells
Removal of Wastes

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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