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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2: Body Organization > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Body Organization Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cytology

A

the study of cells and their function

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2
Q

What function do cells perform for the body?

A

reproduction
hormone secretion
energy production
excretion

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3
Q

What are the functions for special cells?

A

muscle contraction

electrical impulse transmission

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4
Q

What makes up a cell?

A

nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane

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5
Q

histology

A

the study of tissue

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6
Q

How are tissues formed?

A

When like cells are grouped together to perform an activity

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7
Q

What are the 4 types of tissue?

A

Muscle
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous

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8
Q

Muscle tissues

A

composed of muscle fibers and produces movement in the body by contracting

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of basic muscles?

A

skeletal
smooth
cardiac

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10
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

attached to the bones

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11
Q

Smooth muscle

A

internal organs like intestine and uterus

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12
Q

cardiac muscle

A

only in the heart

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13
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Found as a lining for internal organs and covering for the skin

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14
Q

What and where are the different functions for epithelial tissue?

A

Form a protective barrier - skin
absorb - lining of intestine
secrete - sweat glands
excrete wastes - kidney tubules

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15
Q

What is the purpose of connective tissue?

A

to support and protect

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16
Q

name the 4 forms of connective tissue

A

adipose
bone
cartilage
tendons

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17
Q

Nervous tissue

A

composed of neurons that allows for conduction of electrical impulses between brain and rest of the body

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18
Q

What does the nervous tissue form?

A

brain
spinal cord
nerves

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19
Q

What 3 types of tissue does the stomach contain?

A

muscle fibers
nerve tissue
epithelial tissue

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20
Q

What is the purpose of an integumentary system?

A

A 2 way barrier and regulates temperature

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21
Q

What organs are in the integumentary system?

A 
skin
Hair
Nails
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
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22
Q

What is the purpose of a musculoskeletal system?

A

To support and protect body. Form blood cells and stores minerals. And produces movement

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23
Q

What organs are in the musculoskeletal system?

A

Bones
Joints
Muscles

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24
Q

What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?

A

pumps blood to transport nutrients, oxygen, and wastes

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25
Q

What organs are in the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart
Arteries
Veins

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26
Q

What is the function of the blood (hematic) system

A

transports oxygen, protects, and controls bleeding

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27
Q

What organs are in the blood system?

A

plasma
erythrocytes
leukocytes
platelets

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28
Q

What is the purpose of the lymphatic system?

A

Protects body

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29
Q

What organs are in the lymphatic system?

A 
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels
Spleen
Thymus gland
tonsils
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30
Q

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

A

obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

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31
Q

What organs are in the respiratory system?

A 
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tubes
Lungs
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32
Q

What is the purpose of the gastrointestinal system?

A

To ingest, digest, and absorb nutrients

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33
Q

What organs are in the gastrointestinal system?

A 
oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
colon
liver and gallbladder
pancreas
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34
Q

What is the function of the urinary system?

A

filters waste and removes from body

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35
Q

What organs are in the urinary system?

A

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

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36
Q

What is the purpose of the female reproductive system?

A

Provides eggs and provides place for baby

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37
Q

What organs are in the female reproductive system?

A 
ovaries
fallopian tubes
uterus
vagina
vulva
breast
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38
Q

What is the male reproductive system

A

produces sperm

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39
Q

What organs are in the male reproductive system?

A 
testes
epididymis
vas deferens
penis
seminal vesicles
prostate glands
bulbourethral glands
40
Q

What is the purpose of the endocrine system?

A

Regulates metabolic activity

41
Q

What organs are in the endocrine system?

A 
Pituitary glands
pineal gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
thymus gland
pancreas
adrenal glands
ovaries and testes
42
Q

What is the purpose of the nervous system?

A

Receives sensory information and coordinates response

43
Q

What organs are in the nervous system?

A

Brain
Spinal Cord
Nerves

44
Q

cardiovascular

A

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

45
Q

muscular

A

pertaining to the muscles

46
Q

lymphatic

A

pertaining to lymph

47
Q

hematic

A

pertaining to blood

48
Q

gastroenterology

A

study of stomach and small intestine

49
Q

gynecology

A

study of the female body

50
Q

ophthalmology

A

study of the eye

51
Q

dermatology

A

study of the skin

52
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides body into left and right

53
Q

frontal Plane

A

Divides the body into front and back

54
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Divides body into upper and lower portions

55
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

56
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

57
Q

Brachial

A

arm

58
Q

crural

A

leg

59
Q

What are the regions of the anterior trunk?

A

Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Pubic

60
Q

What are the regions of the posterior trunk?

A

dorsum
vertebral
gluteal

61
Q

What are 2 dorsal cavities?

A

Cranial

Spinal

62
Q

What are ventral cavities?

A

Thoracic

Abdominopelvic

63
Q

What does the cranial cavity contain?

A

Brain

64
Q

What does the spinal cavity contain?

A

spinal cord

65
Q

What does the thoracic cavity contain?

A

2 lungs

mediastinum

66
Q

What does the mediastinum contain?

A 
Heart
Aorta
Esophagus
Trachea
Thymus gland
67
Q

What does the abdominopelvic cavity contain?

A

digestive organs
excretory organs
reproductive organs

68
Q

What is the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavity divided by?

A

diaphragm

69
Q

What are the 2 layers in the viscera encases in sac?

A

Parietal layer

visceral layer

70
Q

What is the viscera called in the thoracic cavity?

A

pleura

71
Q

What is the viscera called in the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

peritoneum

72
Q

What are the subdivisions of the pleura?

A

Pleural cavity

pericardial cavity

73
Q

Pleural cavity

A

surrounds the lungs

74
Q

pericardial cavity

A

surrounds the heart

75
Q

What are int he upper row regions of the abdomen?

A

Hypochondriac

Epigastric

76
Q

What are in the middle row regions of the abdomen?

A

Lumbar

Umbilical

77
Q

What are in the lower row regions of the abdomen?

A

Inguinal

Hypogastric

78
Q

What is in the RUQ?

A 
Majority of liver
gallbladder
small portion of pancreas
small intestine
colon
79
Q

What is in the RLQ?

A 
Small intestine
colon
right ovary
right fallopian tube
appendix
right ureter
80
Q

What is in the LUQ?

A 
Small portion of liver
spleen
stomach
majority of pancreas
small intestine
colon
81
Q

What is in the LLQ?

A 
small intestine
colon
left ovary
left fallopian tube
left ureter
82
Q

Superior

A

More toward head

83
Q

Inferior

A

More towards feet

84
Q

Anterior

A

More towards front

85
Q

Posterior

A

More towards back

86
Q

Medial

A

More towards middle

87
Q

lateral

A

more towards side

88
Q

proximal

A

nearer to the point of attachment to body

89
Q

distal

A

farther away from point of attachment to body

90
Q

apex

A

tip or summit of organ

91
Q

base

A

bottom or lower part of an organ

92
Q

superficial

A

more towards surface of body

93
Q

deep

A

further away from surface of body

94
Q

Supine

A

lying face up

95
Q

Prone

A

lying face down

96
Q

What are the 5 levels of the body?

A 
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Body

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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