Chapter 6 and 7 - Preventing And Treating Disease Flashcards
how do vaccinations work
weakened pathogens are inserted in to blood stream and antibodies are released to kill it, next time a pathogen comes the body is more prepared
what are antibodies
some white blood cells (lymphocytes) produce antibodies, these bind to pathogens and destroy them or stick them together
What is an antitoxin
some whit blood cells produce antitoxins, antitoxins neutralise toxins
what is a lymphocyte
a type if white blood cell that binds to pathogens
what are antibiotics
they kill bacteria, specific antibiotics should be used for specific bacteria, some bacteria are antibiotic resistant
what are painkillers
they relive symptoms but do not kill pathogens
what are phagocytosis
some white blood cells that engulf pathogens
What is aspirin
originates from the willow tree, type of drug
where does aspirin come from
willow trees
what drug comes for willow trees
aspirin
what is digitalis
a heart drug, originates from foxglove plants
what drug comes from foxgloves
digitalis
where does digitalis come from
foxgloves
What is penicillin
Discovered by Alexander Fleming, from the penicillium fungus
where do most new drugs come from
chemists in the pharmaceutical industry
What happens in a pre-clinical trial
test for toxicity and efficacy before testing humans so tested on cells and animals
how high are the doses when giving new drugs to the healthy volunteers
low
what is a placebo
a drug with no active ingredients, designed as a mimic drug, used to test the effects of the real drug
what is a double blind trial
the volunteers and researchers do not know what group they’re in until the end
what is toxicity
how harmful the drug is, may have dangerous side effect
what is efficacy
how effective the drug is
what is a dose
amount of drug given to a patient
what is cancer
when mitosis falls out of uncontrol
what is a tumour
when mitosis happens too fast and too many healthy cells are being made, it forms a tumour
what is a benign tumour
a tumour that is not cancerous and cannot spread to other areas of the body.
what is a malignant tumour
A fast-growing tumour that is cancerous and can invade and spread to other areas of the body.
what type of tumour grows slowly
benign
what type of tumour grows fast
malignant
