Chapter 6 and 7 - Preventing And Treating Disease

Question 1

how do vaccinations work

Answer 1

weakened pathogens are inserted in to blood stream and antibodies are released to kill it, next time a pathogen comes the body is more prepared

Question 2

what are antibodies

Answer 2

some white blood cells (lymphocytes) produce antibodies, these bind to pathogens and destroy them or stick them together

Question 3

What is an antitoxin

Answer 3

some whit blood cells produce antitoxins, antitoxins neutralise toxins

Question 4

what is a lymphocyte

Answer 4

a type if white blood cell that binds to pathogens

Question 5

what are antibiotics

Answer 5

they kill bacteria, specific antibiotics should be used for specific bacteria, some bacteria are antibiotic resistant

Question 6

what are painkillers

Answer 6

they relive symptoms but do not kill pathogens

Question 7

what are phagocytosis

Answer 7

some white blood cells that engulf pathogens

Question 8

What is aspirin

Answer 8

originates from the willow tree, type of drug

Question 9

where does aspirin come from

Answer 9

willow trees

Question 10

what drug comes for willow trees

Answer 10

aspirin

Question 11

what is digitalis

Answer 11

a heart drug, originates from foxglove plants

Question 12

what drug comes from foxgloves

Answer 12

digitalis

Question 13

where does digitalis come from

Answer 13

foxgloves

Question 14

What is penicillin

Answer 14

Discovered by Alexander Fleming, from the penicillium fungus

Question 15

where do most new drugs come from

Answer 15

chemists in the pharmaceutical industry

Question 16

What happens in a pre-clinical trial

Answer 16

test for toxicity and efficacy before testing humans so tested on cells and animals

Question 17

how high are the doses when giving new drugs to the healthy volunteers

Answer 17

low

Question 18

what is a placebo

Answer 18

a drug with no active ingredients, designed as a mimic drug, used to test the effects of the real drug

Question 19

what is a double blind trial

Answer 19

the volunteers and researchers do not know what group they’re in until the end

Question 20

what is toxicity

Answer 20

how harmful the drug is, may have dangerous side effect

Question 21

what is efficacy

Answer 21

how effective the drug is

Question 22

what is a dose

Answer 22

amount of drug given to a patient

Question 23

what is cancer

Answer 23

when mitosis falls out of uncontrol

Question 24

what is a tumour

Answer 24

when mitosis happens too fast and too many healthy cells are being made, it forms a tumour

Question 25

what is a benign tumour

Answer 25

a tumour that is not cancerous and cannot spread to other areas of the body.

Question 26

what is a malignant tumour

Answer 26

A fast-growing tumour that is cancerous and can invade and spread to other areas of the body.

Question 27

what type of tumour grows slowly

Answer 27

benign

Question 28

what type of tumour grows fast

Answer 28

malignant