Chapter 1 - Cells Flashcards
What is the function of the nucleus
contains genetic information that controls the function of the cell
What is the function of the cell membrane
controls what enters and leaves the cell
what is the function of the cytoplasm
where many chemical reactions happen in the cell
what is the function of the mitochondria
provides energy for aerobic respiration
what is the function of the ribosomes
synthesis proteins
what is the function of the chloroplasts
where photosynthesis occurs
what is the function of the permanent vacuole
used to store water and other chemicals as cell sap
what is the function of the cell wall
strengthens and supports the cell. (made of cellulose in plants)
what is the cell wall made of
cellulose
what is the function of the DNA loop
a loop of DNA, not enclosed within a nucleus
what is the function of the plasmids
`a small ring of DNA, may contain genes associated with antibiotic resistance
what is the tail useful for in a sperm cell
swimming
What is the acrosome in a sperm cells function
contains enzymes to break into an egg
why is there lots of mitochondria in a sperm cell
to provide energy for the sperm cell to swim
why is a nerve cell being long a good thing for the the nerve cell
it can transmit electrical impulses over a distance
why is having protein fibres in a muscle cell good for the cell
contains protein fibres that can contract when enrgy Is available making cells shorter
why is having a long extension good for a root hair cell
it increases the surface area for water and mineral up take
what is the xylem cell wall
waterproof
why are the xylem hollow
to allow water to travel through it
why do phloem cells need lots of mitochondria
for active transport
why do some phloem cells have a very small cytoplasm
for sugars to move through easily
what are eukaryotic cells
cells with a nucleus
name 2 types of cells that are eukariotic
plant and animal cells
what is an organism made up of eukaryotic cells called
a eukaryote
what is in a eukaryotic cell that isn’t in a prokaryotic cell
a fixed nucleus
how big is a eukaryotic cell
5um - 100um
how do eukaryotic cells divide
mitosis
what is a prokaryioic cell
a simple cell with no nucleus
name 1 type of prokaryotic cell
bacterial cell
where is the DNA of a prokaryotic cell found
free in the cytoplasm ( Plasmids, DNA loop )
how big are prokaryotic cell
0.2um - 2um
what is surrounding a bacterial cell
a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall
how do prokaryotic cells divide
binary fission
what 2 organelles are in a eukaryotic cell but not in a prokaryotic cell
mitochondria and chloroplasts
what is magnification
the degree by which an object is enlarged
what is the equation to find magnification
Magnification = size of image/ size of real object
what is resolution
the ability of a microscope to distinguish detail
what is a light microscope
basic microscope with a maximum magnification of 1500x. It has a low resolution
what is an electronic microscope
a microscope with a magnification of up to 500 000x and a higher resolution than a light microscope. Used to look at the finer details
what is centre meters to metres in standard form
1 x 10(-2)
what is millimetres to metres in standard form
1 x 10(-3)
what is micrometres to meters in standard form
1 x 10(-6)
what is nanometres to meters in standard form
1 x 10(-9)
how is Dna stored in the nucleus of the cell
the genetic information of a cell is stored in a Dna molecule which is stored in a chromosome
where else can a tiny bit of genetic information be found
in the mitochondria
what is diffusion
it is the spreading out of the particles resulting in a net movement from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
what are the examples of diffusion
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in gas exchange (leaves and alveoli)
Urea from cells into the blood plasma for the excretion in the kidney
what is osmosis
diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane
what is an example of osmosis
movement of water in and out of the cell
what is active transport
the movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution ( against a concentration gradient ).
what is required for active transport
energy from respiration
what are the examples of active transport
absorption of mineral ions ( low concentration ) from soil into a plant roots.
absorption of sugar molecules from a lower concentration in the gut into the blood which has a higher sugar concentration
how does a difference in a concentration affect diffusion
the greater the difference in concentrations, the faster the rate of diffusion
how does temperature affect diffusion
particles move quicker at higher temperatures, so the rate of diffusion increase
how does the surface area of a membrane affect diffusion
the greater the surface area the quicker the rate of diffusion
why Is a thin membrane good for diffusion
it is a shorter path going in to the cell
why is a large surface area good for diffusion
because it increases the rate of diffusion
why an efficient blood supply good in animals
maintains a concentration gradient
