Chapter 3 - Digestive System Flashcards
Put these in order:
Nucleus, body, organ, cell tissue, organ system
Nucleus Cell tissue Organ Organ system Body
What order does the digestive system travel starting from the top
Mouth Oesophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus
what is the digestive system
a process that converts food to energy and gets rid of waste
what is a catalyst
something that speeds up reaction
what is an enzyme
a protein that speeds up chemical reaction
what is the equation for the rate of reaction
time taken
what is an active site
a part on an enzyme that the substrate can fit into
what are amino acids
The building blocks that make up a protein molecule.
how can PH affect an enzyme
every enzyme has a specific optimum PH so if the PH isn’t met then the enzyme denatures
what is the optimum PH of an enzyme in the small intestine
7.5
what is the optimum PH of an enzyme in the stomach
2
How does the temperature affect an enzyme
an enzyme has an optimum temperature but when they get too hot, they denature
what is glucose
A simple sugar used by cells for respiration.
what is glycerol
A soluble carbohydrate which is converted into glucose by the liver
what is glycogen
The storage form of glucose in animal cells
what is the haemoglobin
The red protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen round the body
what is a substrate
A substance on which enzymes act
what enzyme breaks down lipids
lipase
what enzyme breaks down carbohydrates
carbohydrase
what enzyme breaks down proteins
protease
where are carbohydrase’s produced
in saliva, pancreas and small intestine
where are protease’s produced
stomach, pancreas and small intestine
where are lipase’s produced
pancreas and small intestine
what reaction does carbohydrase speed up
starch -> sugar
what reaction does protease speed up
protein -> amino acids
what reaction does lipase
fat -> fatty acids + glycerol
how do sugars and amino acids pass into the bloodstream
diffusion
what alkaline substance is released into the blood stream to raise food PH
bile
where is bile produced
liver
where is bile stored
gall bladder
where is bile produced
small intestine
what does the bile also help the break down of and where
lipids in the small intestine
why is it important that bile helps the break down of lipids in the small intestine
because it provides a larger surface area in which the lipases can work
