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Biology - GCSE > Chapter 2 - Cell Division > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Cell Division Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 stages of the cell cycle called

A

Interphase - Mitosis - Cytokinesis

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2
Q

what happens during interphase of the cell cycle

A
  1. the cell grows
  2. DNA replication / chromosomes double
  3. prepares for mitosis
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3
Q

what happens during mitosis of the cell cycle

A
  1. the chromosomes line up along the cell
  2. the chromosomes split and go to opposite sides of the cell
  3. the chromosomes form 2 separate nuclei
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4
Q

what happens during cytokinesis

A
  1. the cell membrane splits into 2 to form 2 daughter cells
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5
Q

what are the cells made from mitosis called

A

daughter cells

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6
Q

what are stem cells

A

an undifferentiated cell

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7
Q

what is differentiation

A

when a stem cells becomes a specialised cell

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8
Q

What properties does an embryonic stem cell have

A

it can divide into most types of cell

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9
Q

what properties does an adult stem cell have

A

Can divide into a limited number of cells (e.g. bone marrow stem cells can form various blood cells)

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10
Q

what properties does a meristem have and where are they found

A

found in animals, can differentiate into any type of plant cell

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11
Q

how are meristems used in laboratories

A

they are used to clone rare species so they don’t become extinct (e.g. crops with good features can be cloned with meristems)

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12
Q

what is cloning

A

process of producing genetic identically organisms naturally or artificially

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13
Q

what is therapeutic cloning

A

when the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced with a stem cells (skin cell) of a patient and then stimulating the cell to start cell division

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14
Q

what is the reasoning for therapeutic cloning

A

so the embryonic stem cell has the same genes as the patient

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15
Q

what is a good use of embryonic stem cells

A

therapeutic cloning

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16
Q

what are the cons of using stem cell

A

Can transfer viruses held inside a cell

Ethical and Religious objections

17
Q

What are the pro’s of using stem cells

A

they can help treat diseases such as diabetes, paralysis and dementia

18
Q

what is a zygote

A

the single new cell formed by the fusion of gametes in sexual reproduction

Biology - GCSE (20 decks)

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