Chapter 6

Question 1

What is the state of physical growth during middle childhood?

Answer 1

Slow and regular pace
Lower portion of body grows the fastest
Bones lengthen, broaden
Muscles very flexible
All permanent teeth appear

Question 2

What are the ages corresponding to middle childhood?

Answer 2

From 6-7 y.o. to puberty

Question 3

What are the gross motor skills gains of middle childhood?

Answer 3

Flexibility
Balance
Agility
Force

Question 4

What are the fine motor skills gains of middle childhood?

Answer 4

Writing

Drawing

Question 5

According to Piaget, in what stage of development are 8-11 years old? What does this stage corresponds to?

Answer 5

Concrete operational thinking: type of cognition marked by the ability to reason about the world in a more logical, adult way

Question 6

Name the principal characteristics of the concrete operational stage

Answer 6

tinking abstractively about inner states (theory of mind)
become less egocentric
become more self-aware through self-reflection and comparison to others

Question 7

In what Psychosocial stage are 6-11 years old according to erik erikson?

Answer 7

Industry vs inferiority

Question 8

How is the indusry vs inferiority stage?

Answer 8

Industry: eager to achieve, being more responsible, doing it right, recognize their talents and interests - pursue activities
Inferiority; if no recognition from parents = sense of low self-esteem, inferiority

Question 9

Name the areas that children use to determine their self-esteem

Answer 9

Scholastic competence (academic talents)
Behavioural conduct (obedience)
Athletic skills (performance at sports)
Peer likeability (popularity)
Physical appearance (looks)

Question 10

What are the characteristics and qualities of friendships?

Answer 10

Symmetrical, one-to one relationship

Similarity, trust, emotional support

Question 11

How do friendships help to stimulate personal development?

Answer 11

Child learns to manage emotions
Help children to handle conflicts
Friends protect/enhance the developing self

Question 12

Define bullying

Answer 12

Situation in which 1+ children (or adults) harass a specific child for systematic abuse

Question 13

What is the role of the bully?

Answer 13

Higher in proactive and reactive aggression (been linked with early negative life experiences)

Question 14

What is the role of the bully-victim?

Answer 14

highest in reactive and proactive aggression

May demonstrate internalizing and externalizing tendencies

Question 15

what is the role of the classic victim?

Answer 15

Internalizing tendencies: anxious, shy, low on the social hierarchy, unlikely to fight back
Lower reactive aggression
Not proactively aggressive

Question 16

Name the 4 main intelligence tests used

Answer 16

Stanford-Binet Intelligence test
Sternberg Triarchic theory
Wechsler Interlligence Scale for Children (WISC)
Gardner Multiple Intelligences

Question 17

What is the debate around the G factor?

Answer 17

Pro G believe that such a thing as general intelligence (IQ) exists and is a determinant of intelligence and abilities
Anti G do not believe that IQ is representative of intelligence as a whole

Question 18

What are the 3 types of intelligences according to Sternberg?

Answer 18

Analytic
Creative
Practical

Question 19

Name the 8 types of intelligence according to Gardner

Answer 19

Kinesthetic
Naturalist
Verbal
Mathematics
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Spatial
Musical