Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYC 333 > Adolescence > Flashcards

Adolescence Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Define puberty

A

Involves hormonal and physical changes that contribute to sexual maturity and adult height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the defining event of puberty for females, and the age around which it happens

A

Menarche: beginning of menstruations (around 12-13 years old, but it can vary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the defining event of puberty for males, and the age around which it happens

A

Spermarche (semenarche): first ejaculation (the age can greatly vary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name 3 defining factors impacting the age around which puberty can happen for people

A

Genes and sex (earlier onset in girls)
Body fat % (higher = sooner puberty)
Stress (+ = sooner puberty)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the trend for the age of the start of puberty in the developed world?

A

For a century this age has continuously increased (its later and later)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the 2 hormonal programmers of puberty

A

Arenal androgens and HPG axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the HPG axis?

A

Hypothalamus, Pituitary and Gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the adrenal androgens control? When does this system start?

A

Starts secretion before puberty (around middle childhood)

Controls growth of hair, skin changes, sexual desire, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the HPG axis control? When does this system start?

A

Sex hormones and their related physical changes

Linked with stress - HPA axis - can be a trigger for puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are primary sexual characteristics?

A

Changes involving directly the organs of reproduction (all that concerns genitals/reproductive system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Changes not directly involved in reproduction (rest of the body developing; hair, skin, frame, weight, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does puberty affect girls?

A

Six months after a growth spurt; they will develop breasts, pubic hair, body fat deposits, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does puberty affect boys?

A

After growth of testes and penis begin; growth of body hair, muscle mass, change in frame, larynx (voice), hands, legs, feet grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the risks of early onset of puberty for girls?

A

Developing acting-out behaviours (gravitating around older peers, unprotected sex, disconnecting from school)
Risk of becomming anxious/depressed (body dissatisfaction, self-consciousness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is early onset of puberty a good thing for boys?

A

Yes, it increases their self-confidence and popularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is late onset of puberty for girls a good thing?

A

Yes, it makes them more popular, sociable, confident

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Is late onset of puberty for boys a good thing?

A

No, it reduces their self-confidence, makes them depressed and anxious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Harter’s research concerned teen’s self-esteem; he proposed that self-esteem is based in 5 main domains, what are they?

A 
Scholastic competence,
Behavioural conduct
Athletic skills
Peer likeability
Physical appearance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do the 5 domains of self-esteem fluctuate throughout life? which is most important in teenage years?

A

They stay the same, but their relative importance vary throughout life
In teens, physical appearance is given much more importance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the thin ideal?

A

Pressure to be abnormally thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does the thin ideal influence boys vs girls?

Study These Flashcards
A

Girls: both overweight and underweight are affected
Boys: not so affected, want to build muscles rather

22
Q

Name 2 influences of body image satisfation (or dissatisfaction) in teens

Study These Flashcards
A 
Sociocultural factors (medias, etc)
Weight-based teasing from family, peers, romantic partners
23
Q

What % of teen boys an girls struggle w their weight in elementary school?

Study These Flashcards
A

25% boys

40% girls

24
Q

Define the characteristics of anorexia nevrosa

Study These Flashcards
A

Persistent restriction of food leading to significantly low body weight
Either an intense fearof gaining weight or of becoming fat, or persistent behaviour that interferes w weight gain
Disturbance in the way one’s body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body shape and weight on self-evaluation, or persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight

25
Define the characteristics of bulimia nevrosa
Recurrent episodes of binge eating: 1. eating a lot in a short amount of time 2. sense of lack of control over eating during the episode Binge eating followed by compensatory behaviour Binging occurs once a week for 3 months at least
26
Define the characteristics of binge eating disorder
Eating excessive amounts of food, often when not hungry | Feelings of guilt, disgust after an episode
27
What is the difference between bulimia and binge eating?
Bulimia has purging after binging, binge eating does not
28
Name contributing factors to eating disorders
``` Stron hereditary component Temperamental tendency Neurotransmitters (mood) Comorbidity of other disorders Family, social influences ```
29
When are the first sexual feelings appearing? Why?
Around 10y.o. | Programmed by adrenal androgens
30
How can nurture interfere in the development of sex hormones?
Reaction to body changes, relations with peers, etc
31
Name a few of the forces affecting an earlier transition to intercourse
``` Peer pressure Several content in media Biology (early puberty) SES Personality (impulsivity, risk taking) Religion (more = higher age of 1st intercourse) ```
32
What is the sexual double standard between boys and girls? What does research shows about it?
Boys mainly want sex ans girls want commited relationships | Research has shown that both genders put their priority on intimacy
33
Which neurotransmitters are heightened during adolescence?
Dopamine pathways and serotonin pathways
34
What happens in adolescent brains?
Pruning in frontal lobes | Myelin will not be mature for years still (around 20-25)
35
What is Piaget's last stage? What are the characteristics?
Formal operational thinking Abstract reasoning at its peak From 12 y.o. Full cognitive capacity
36
What is Kohlberg's moral reasoning stage about?
Go beyond Piaget's model | There are 3 levels of moral reasoning
37
Name the 3 levels of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg
Preconventional (personal punishment/reward) Conventional (Obeying social norms) Postconventional (focused on inner moral guidelines apart from society)
38
In which stage of Kohlberg moral reasoning are teens? And adults?
Teens: conventional | Adults, sometimes postconventional but most are still in conventional
39
What were the bias in Kohlberg's study?
his sample were all males | from the same neighborhood
40
What were the contributions of Kohlberg's study?
awareness raised about values and moral priorities
41
What were the criticisms of Kohlberg's study?
Moral compass start earlier? Male-centered? Validity of scenarios used
42
Define Elkind's adolescent egocentrism
Elkind's term for the tendency of young teenagers to feel that their actions are at the center of everyone else's consciousness
43
Adolescent egocentrism has been developed from which theory?
From Piaget's formal operations
44
Name and describe the 2 components of adolescent egocentrism
Personal fable: tendency for adolescents to believe that their lives are special and heroic Imaginary audience: tendency of adolescents to feel that everyone is watching their actions (comes with negative repercussions; they are even + aware of their flaws, and hypersensitive to other's opinions)
45
Are adolescents more socially sensitive?
YES: they are more vulnerable to peer pressure in emotionally-charged situations, and they have a tendency for immediate gratification over future reward
46
Are adolescents risk takers?
YES: peer pressure and neurotransmitters play a role in this
47
Are adolescents more emotional, emotionally-disturbed, or both?
YES AND NO: they are not necessarily emotionally disturbed: they live on an intense emotional plate but this does not mean emotion disturbance and mental health problem, most are optimistic and confident
48
What happens with adolescents relations with their family?
Their relation with their family become more conflict-indcuing (especially on the terms of rules), and they feel more upbeat with friends
49
Define a clique
Intimate +/- 6 members group
50
Define a crowd
Larger groups of best friends and a more loose-knit st of peers that the adolescent associates with less regularly
51
Define deviancy training
socialization of young teens into delinquency
52
Define hostile attribution bias
Interpreting other's behaviours as having hostile intent

PSYC 333 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions