Chapter 5 part 2 Flashcards
According to Erik Erikson, what is the stage in which 3-5 y.o. find themselves in?
Initiative vs Guilt
What does the Initiative vs guilt stage (Psychosocial stages of erik erikson) consists of?
Exploration of the world - asserting control and power over the environment - experience guilt when they go too far (related to parental influence)
What is shame? What are the resulting behaviours?
Primitive feeling felt when personally humiliated
Withdrawal, fury, feelings of revenge
What is guilt? What are the resulting behaviours?
Experienced when personal moral standards or hurtful actions to another human being occur
Result in connections and attempts to make amends
What is self awareness? How is it related to the theory of mind?
The ability to observe our abilities and actions from an outside frame of reference and to reflect on our inner state
It is the 1st step towards developping a theory of mind; we need to understand our mind before realizing others have one too
What allows for socioemotional development during Erik Erikson’s stage of Initiative vs Guilt?
Emotion regulation,
Motivation,
Self-Concept
What is emotion regulation?
Ability to understand and recognize one’s emotions
Possible as the limbic system connects with the prefrontal cortex
What is motivation?
Preschool chilren are motivated with a drive or reason to pursue a goal that comes from within
What is the self-concept?
Understanding who you are in relationship to self-esteem, appearance, personality and various traits
Mainly consists in observable characteristics and typical emotions/attitudes
Around what age do children start to become self-aware?
1.5 y.o
What is self-esteem?
judgements made about our own worth and feelings associates with those judgments
Influences future behaviour, emotional experiences, psychological adjustment
How does self-esteem change in adolescence?
The emphasis on the determinants of self-esteem change from childhood
What are the 3 categories of elements in which school aged children engage in social comparison?
Characteristics (taller, bigger, smarter, etc)
Behaviours (run faster)
Possessions (she has a puppy)
What are prosocial behaviours?
Sharing, caring, helping others, etc
What is altruism?
Prosocial behaviours that are carried our for selfless, non egocentric reasons
What is empathy?
Feeling same/similar emotions that another person is experiencing
What is sympathy?
Feeling upset for another person’s plight
What is the difference between empathy and sympathy
Empathy is prosocial, sympathy is not
Sympathy is not as deep as empathy
What is aggression?
Any hostile, destructive act
What is proactive aggression?
Calculated act to inflict harm to gain something
What is reactive aggression?
Impulsive act of inflicting harm, often caused by a strong emotion