Chapter 6

Question 1

What are the features of Language

Answer 1

• Language is symbolic
• Language is governed by rules
• Language is subjective
• Language is interpreted differently in different parts of the world.

Question 2

Phonological rules

Answer 2

rules that govern how sounds are combined to form a word.

Question 3

Syntactic Rules

Answer 3

Rules that govern the way symbols can be arranged.

Question 4

Semantic Rules

Answer 4

Rules that govern the meaning language as opposed to the structure.

Question 5

Pragmatic Rules

Answer 5

Rules that govern the interpretation of language in terms of its social context.

Question 6

What is the triangle of meaning

Answer 6

The indirect relationship between a word and the things or idea represented.
Thought or reference
Symbol
Referent.

Question 7

Linguistic Relativity

Answer 7

The idea that language both reflects and shapes the worldview of those who use it.

Question 8

What are the impacts of language

Answer 8

• Name and Identity
• Credibility and Status
• Affiliation
• Power and Politeness

Question 9

Names

Answer 9

• Shape the way others think
• The way we view ourselves
• The way we act.

Question 10

Credibility and Status

Answer 10

The words we use and how we pronounce them

Question 11

Affiliation

Answer 11

Adapting speech to fit in.

Question 12

Convergence

Answer 12

The process of adapting one’s speech style to match that of others you want to identify with

Question 13

Divergence

Answer 13

Changing your speech to stand out from everyone else in a group. To distance yourself

Question 14

Powerless Language

Answer 14

Indirect and hesitant word choice, with hesitations.

Question 15

Powerful language

Answer 15

direct and forceful word choice.

Question 16

Sexist Language

Answer 16

Words, phrases and expressions that unnecessarily diminish either sex

Question 17

Racist Language

Answer 17

Language that classifies members of one racial group as superior and others as inferior.

Question 18

Ambiguous Language

Answer 18

words and phrases that have more than one commonly accepted meaning

Question 19

Abstraction

Answer 19

Convenient ways of generalizing about similarities between several objects, people, ideas or events

Question 20

Abstraction Ladder

Answer 20

a range of more-to-less abstract terms describing an event or object

Question 21

Euphemism

Answer 21

an innocuous term substituted for a blunt one

Question 22

Relative Language

Answer 22

Gaining meaning by comparison

Question 23

Evaluative language

Answer 23

Seems to describe something, but really just announces the speaker’s opinion.

Question 24

It statements

Answer 24

statements that replace I with it. Used to avoid responsibility

Question 25

I language

Answer 25

Language that identifies the speaker as the source of a message.

Question 26

But statements

Answer 26

A statement in which the second half cancels the meaning of the first half

Question 27

You language

Answer 27

Language that expresses a judgement of the other person.

Question 28

We language

Answer 28

language that implies the issue is the concern and responsibility of both the sender and receiver.

Question 29

Low-context culture

Answer 29

Uses language primarily to express thoughts, feelings and ideas as directly and logically as possible.

Question 30

high-context culture

Answer 30

Uses subtle, often non-verbal cues to maintain social harmony.

Question 31

Verbal Communication Styles

Answer 31

• Direct or indirect
• Elaborate or succinct
• Formal or informal