Chapter 2 Flashcards
Self-concept
The relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself
Self-esteem
Part of the self-concept that involves evaluations of self-worth
Self-Compassion
Being touched by one’s own suffering, generating the desire to alleviate one’s suffering and treat oneself with understanding and concern
Self-Control
Your ability to change your thoughts, emotions, moods, impulses or performance of some tasks in order to achieve a personal goal or meet a social or cultural expectation
How does the Self-Concept develop?
Social Interactions
Reflected Appraisal
Perceptions of judgements of those around them
Social Comparison
Evaluating ourselves in terms of how we compare with others
Individualistic culture
View their primary responsibility as helping themselves
Collectivist Culture
View their primary responsibility as helping their community
Characteristics of the Self-Concept
- Objective
- Flexible
- Resists change
Obsolete information
Old information we use to judge ourselves
Distorted Feedback
Overly Critical or unrealistically prositive remarks or actions that can create a self-image that is worse or better than the facts warrant
Social Expectations
The ways in which people are expected to behave in a particular social situation
Cognitive Conservatism
The tendency to look for information that conforms to an existing self-concept
Self-fulfilling prophecies
A belief that leads to its own fulfillment
What are the fours stages of self-fulfilling prophecies
- Holding an expectation
- Behaving accourding to the expectation
- The expectation coming to pass
- Reinforcing the original expectations
Self-imposed prophecies
When your own expectation influence your behaviour
Impression Management
The communication strategies people use to influence how other view them
Perceived self
The person you believe yourself to be in moments of honest self-examination. This is the “private self”
Presenting Self
The image a person presents to others. It may be identical to or different from the perceived and ideal self
Face
Socially approved identity
Facework
The verbal and nonverbal ways in which we act to maintain our own presenting image and images of others
Characteristics of Impression management
- Correct multiple idenitities
- Collaborative
- Deliberate or unconsious
- Different degrees of identity management
Why do we mange impressions?
- To follow social rules
- Personal reasons or to achieve relational goals
How do we manage impressions?
- Manners
- Apperance
- Setting
Factors of Self-Disclosure
Honesty
Depth
Availability of information
Context of sharing
Self-Disclosure
- Has the self as subject
- Is intentional
- Is directed to someone else
- Honest
- Revealing
- Contains discrete info
- Gains intimate nature from context and culture in which it is expressed.
Social penetration model
Describes the relationships in terms of breadth and depth or disclosure
Breadth
The range of subjects being discussed
Depth
The shift from relatively unrevealing messages to more personal ones
Casual Realtionship
The breadth may be great, but not the depth
Intimate Relationships
Have a lot of depth and breadth
Cliches
Ritualize, stock statements delivered in response to a social situation
Facts
Anything other than cliches.. Not all actual statement qualify as self-disclosure
Opinions
Often reveal more about a person than facts alone
Feelings
Adds onto opinions somsetimes and is the most revealing about someone
Johari Window Model
Modelf of self disclosure that reflects the movement of information about yourself from blind and unknown quadrents to hidden and open ones
Privacy Management
The choices people make to reveal or conceal information about themselves.
Catharsis
Getting information off your chest
Self-Clarification
Clarifying your beliefs, opinions, thoughts, attitudes, and feelings by talking about them with another person
Self-Validation
Looking from the listener to agree with you. Seeking validation for your behaviours
Reciprocity
If you disclose something personal, the other person is more likely to as well
Maintenancy Enhancement of Relationship
We like people who disclose personal informaiton to us
Moral Obligation
Disclose personal information out of sense of moral obligation.
Rejection
If I tell you who I am, you may not like it
Megative impression
Disclosure could create a negative impression
Decrease in Relation Satisfaction
Incompatible wants and needs of both people become clear through discussion
Loss of influence
Losing control of information. What happens if the person tells someone else what you disclose
Hurting other people
Revealing information leaves you feeling better, but might hurt others
Silence
Keeping information to yourslef in a situation where you are not asked directly about it
Secrecy
Intentionally concealing information from someone who has a right to that information
Lying
Deliberately attempting to hide or misrepresent
Benevolent Lie
A lie that isn’t malicious and tries to protect the other’s feelings
Butler Lies
Small lies that help us manage our availability.
Equivocation
Statements that are not literally false, but clearly avoid an unpleasant truth
Hinting
Seeks to get desired response form the other person.
