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Health and Wellness > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary cause of weight gain

A

decline in frequent exercise

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2
Q

Warning sign of heart disease

A

widening waist
F 35
M 40

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3
Q

Waist circumference

A

shows central obesity, more for M

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4
Q

Ways to determine body fat %

A
  • skin fold
  • stand-on monitors
  • BIA (electric currents to test lean - good conductor)
  • Hydro (fat displaces less water)
  • DXA (skeletal and soft tissue components)
  • Bod Pod (relationship between pressure and volume)
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5
Q

All weight problems from

A

energy imbalance

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6
Q

Obese when younger

A

more challenges in future

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7
Q

What obese age group faces the most risk of early death

A

middle age

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8
Q

Obesity increases the risk of which psychiatric illness

A

suicide

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9
Q

Rapid weight loss can be a sign of

A

a health problem

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10
Q

Way to gain weight

A
  • eat more then you burn
  • variety (30% fat)
  • eat more frequently
  • consume calorie-rich (dried fruit)
  • drink juice
  • add a liquid meal
  • exercise regularly
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11
Q

2 effective strategies for loosing weight

A

eat less and exercise more

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12
Q

Lepti

A

send signal to regulate appetite in brain
normal = eat just enough to maintain weight
low = slows metabolism

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13
Q

Ghrelin

A

natural appetite stimulant, can be lowered by exercise

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14
Q

Big changers

A

more likely to keep weight off

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15
Q

High-protein diets

A

increase protein and decrease carbohydrates

10-35% calories from protein

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16
Q

Low carb/fat diets

A

correct proportions of nutrients to create hormone balance, unsatisfying

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17
Q

Low carb high fat diets

A

reduces hunger so consume less calories,

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18
Q

Key components of a successful diet

A
  • 500 less calories consumed (M1,500, F1,200)
  • High protein
  • Moderately low calories
  • Low glycemic index
  • minimum of 30 mins daily exercise
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19
Q

Calorie intake matters most for

A

weight management

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20
Q

Counseling and calorie control

A

maintained weight loss for one year

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21
Q

Very/low calorie real replacement

A

attrition high, greatest weight loss at first, increased risk of gallstones

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22
Q

Self-directed weight loss

A

greater weight loss, constipation

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23
Q

Internet based weight loss programs

A

results varied

24
Q

Unplanned activities that burn calories

A

nonvolitional

25
Q

Physical activiy

A

burns 200 calories a day

26
Q

Programs for health and weight loss include

A

aerobic activity and resistance training

27
Q

Complementary and alternative medicine

A

varied medical and health care systems (herbal)

28
Q

Orlistat (xenical)

A

OTC weight loss pill, blocks 1/4 of fat consumed, best with low fat diet

29
Q

Most people who lost weight

A
  • did it alone
  • more active
  • less tv
  • don’t keep high-fat foods
  • trial and error
  • permanent eating/exercise plan
  • monitor
  • vigilance (keep tabs)
  • frequent eating
30
Q

What is the most pop weight loss approach

A

obesity surgery, more effective in inducing weight loss

31
Q

Who is most likely to benefit from obesity surgery

A

BMI 35+

32
Q

Forms of obesity surgery

A
  • gastric bypass
  • banding
  • endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty
  • duodenal switch
33
Q

Partial syndromes

A

not severe/regular enough to be anorexia

34
Q

Women body image

A 
thinness 
lower body
overestimate weight
feel they don't measure up
compare their appearance
rarely express satisfaction
35
Q

Men body image

A 
upper
underestimate their weight
want to lose/gain weight
want muscle (muscle dysmorphia)
comments likely to be positive
validate friends concerns
36
Q

___ are more excepting of larger size

A

Black women

37
Q

Eating disorder factors

A

critical self talk
lower body satisfaction/self esteem
first turn to friends
loneliness

38
Q

Binge eaters experience at least 3

A

eating too much rapidly
eating until uncomfortably full
eating large amounts
eating alone

39
Q

Binge eating

A

most common eating disorder

40
Q

Habitat reverse

A

replace your bingeing with a competing behavior

41
Q

Most effective for binge eating disorder

A

cognitive behavioral therapy, more suicidal

42
Q

Most common eating disorders

A

binge eating, anorexia, bulimia

African-American at lower risk

43
Q

Key characteristics of eating disorder

A

restriction to food intake
intense fear of gaining weight
disturbance in the way individuals experience weight

44
Q

Two recognizable forms of anorexia

A

restricting

binge

45
Q

____ is more common among sisters

A

anorexia

46
Q

Causes of anorexia

A

changes in the brain
abnormalities in cortisol, dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
fear of failure
little awareness of feelings

47
Q

Consequences of anorexia

A 
menopause
testosterone decrease
abnormal sexual maturation
heart irregularities
osteoporosis
48
Q

Treatment for anorexia

A

medical, behavioral, cognitive, psycho dynamic, and family therapy

49
Q

Cause of bulimia

A

rigid diet that affects brain chemistry (low peptide chol. = lack of satiety)
semi-starvation
obesity as child
depression

50
Q

Results of bulimia

A
  • differences in areas of the brain responsible for regulating behavior
  • damage to teeth and gums
  • body robbed of essential nutrients
51
Q

Must college students gain ___ pounds

A

11

52
Q

A healthy BMI is

A

22

53
Q

Energy imbalance

A

most associated with weight gain

54
Q

Excess weight with diabetes results in

A

increase chance of early death

55
Q

Ketosis

A

caused by the lack of carbs, results in fats not being fully broken down

Health and Wellness (12 decks)

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