Chapter 6 Flashcards
Primary cause of weight gain
decline in frequent exercise
Warning sign of heart disease
widening waist
F 35
M 40
Waist circumference
shows central obesity, more for M
Ways to determine body fat %
- skin fold
- stand-on monitors
- BIA (electric currents to test lean - good conductor)
- Hydro (fat displaces less water)
- DXA (skeletal and soft tissue components)
- Bod Pod (relationship between pressure and volume)
All weight problems from
energy imbalance
Obese when younger
more challenges in future
What obese age group faces the most risk of early death
middle age
Obesity increases the risk of which psychiatric illness
suicide
Rapid weight loss can be a sign of
a health problem
Way to gain weight
- eat more then you burn
- variety (30% fat)
- eat more frequently
- consume calorie-rich (dried fruit)
- drink juice
- add a liquid meal
- exercise regularly
2 effective strategies for loosing weight
eat less and exercise more
Lepti
send signal to regulate appetite in brain
normal = eat just enough to maintain weight
low = slows metabolism
Ghrelin
natural appetite stimulant, can be lowered by exercise
Big changers
more likely to keep weight off
High-protein diets
increase protein and decrease carbohydrates
10-35% calories from protein
Low carb/fat diets
correct proportions of nutrients to create hormone balance, unsatisfying
Low carb high fat diets
reduces hunger so consume less calories,
Key components of a successful diet
- 500 less calories consumed (M1,500, F1,200)
- High protein
- Moderately low calories
- Low glycemic index
- minimum of 30 mins daily exercise
Calorie intake matters most for
weight management
Counseling and calorie control
maintained weight loss for one year
Very/low calorie real replacement
attrition high, greatest weight loss at first, increased risk of gallstones
Self-directed weight loss
greater weight loss, constipation
Internet based weight loss programs
results varied
Unplanned activities that burn calories
nonvolitional
Physical activiy
burns 200 calories a day
Programs for health and weight loss include
aerobic activity and resistance training
Complementary and alternative medicine
varied medical and health care systems (herbal)
Orlistat (xenical)
OTC weight loss pill, blocks 1/4 of fat consumed, best with low fat diet
Most people who lost weight
- did it alone
- more active
- less tv
- don’t keep high-fat foods
- trial and error
- permanent eating/exercise plan
- monitor
- vigilance (keep tabs)
- frequent eating
What is the most pop weight loss approach
obesity surgery, more effective in inducing weight loss
Who is most likely to benefit from obesity surgery
BMI 35+
Forms of obesity surgery
- gastric bypass
- banding
- endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty
- duodenal switch
Partial syndromes
not severe/regular enough to be anorexia
Women body image
thinness lower body overestimate weight feel they don't measure up compare their appearance rarely express satisfaction
Men body image
upper underestimate their weight want to lose/gain weight want muscle (muscle dysmorphia) comments likely to be positive validate friends concerns
___ are more excepting of larger size
Black women
Eating disorder factors
critical self talk
lower body satisfaction/self esteem
first turn to friends
loneliness
Binge eaters experience at least 3
eating too much rapidly
eating until uncomfortably full
eating large amounts
eating alone
Binge eating
most common eating disorder
Habitat reverse
replace your bingeing with a competing behavior
Most effective for binge eating disorder
cognitive behavioral therapy, more suicidal
Most common eating disorders
binge eating, anorexia, bulimia
African-American at lower risk
Key characteristics of eating disorder
restriction to food intake
intense fear of gaining weight
disturbance in the way individuals experience weight
Two recognizable forms of anorexia
restricting
binge
____ is more common among sisters
anorexia
Causes of anorexia
changes in the brain
abnormalities in cortisol, dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
fear of failure
little awareness of feelings
Consequences of anorexia
menopause testosterone decrease abnormal sexual maturation heart irregularities osteoporosis
Treatment for anorexia
medical, behavioral, cognitive, psycho dynamic, and family therapy
Cause of bulimia
rigid diet that affects brain chemistry (low peptide chol. = lack of satiety)
semi-starvation
obesity as child
depression
Results of bulimia
- differences in areas of the brain responsible for regulating behavior
- damage to teeth and gums
- body robbed of essential nutrients
Must college students gain ___ pounds
11
A healthy BMI is
22
Energy imbalance
most associated with weight gain
Excess weight with diabetes results in
increase chance of early death
Ketosis
caused by the lack of carbs, results in fats not being fully broken down
