Chapter 6 Flashcards
Among the most important elements of life safety are proper means of ___ and protection against hazards.
Egress
In 1890, the first fire test of a fireproof floor assembly in the U.S. was conducted for the Denver Equitable Building Company. ___ floors were tested. The floors were subject to a load, shock, fire, and water, and continuous fire tests of ____.
Hollow tile floors…. 24 hours @ 1,300°F
In 1896, the NYC Department of Buildings conducted a series of tests on fireproof floors using brick kilns as the test furnace. The central panel of the floor was loaded to ____. A wood fire was maintained at ___ during the last four hours. After the fire, a hose stream was applied and the floor was reloaded to ___ for 48 hours, with the final load resting on the ____ rather than the beam.
150 psf
2,000°F
600 psf
arch
Between 1896 and 1916, not much fire testing wa done on columns. However, the testing that was conducted showed ___ to be superior to unprotected steel.
Cast iron
The three following standards for fire test of Building Construction and Materials.
1.
2.
3.
NFPA 251
UL 263
ASTM E-119
Fire resistance of columns is concerned with resisting ___.
Collapse
Fire resistance of floors is concerned with resistance ___.
Passage of fire and collapse
Fire resistance of walls is concerned with ___.
Passage of fire and collapse
Fire resistance of fire doors is concerned with ___.
Passage of fire
The minimum sizes for fire resistance test specimens are as follows. Columns \_\_\_ Beams and girders \_\_\_ Partitions and walls \_\_\_ Floor and roofs \_\_\_
9’
12’
100 sq. ft
180 sq. ft
Fire Resistance Testing… The columns have several thermocouples peened into the columns. When the average temperature exceeds ___ or any thermocouple’s temp exceeds ___, the test is ended and the specimen fails.
1,000°F
1,300°F
Fire Resistance Testing… A floor or wall structure must not develop conditions that would ignite ___ on the unexposed surface or permit an average temperature rise on the unexposed surface of ___.
Cotton waste
250°F
The UL Fire Resistance Directory is published ___.
Anually
The basis for regulation of flame spread today is found in NFPA ___, commonly referred to as the ___.
NFPA 255
Steiner Tunel Test
Steiner Tunel Test is also known as ASTM ___ and UL ___.
ASTM E-84
UL 723
Steiner tunnel test… A test sample ___ long and ___ wide forms the top of a tunnel or long box.
25’ long
2’ wide
Steiner tunnel test… Flame spread over inorganic reinforced cement board is set at ___.
0
Steiner tunnel test… Flame spread over red oak is set at ___.
100
Flame spread of surface materials is classified as follows:
Class A: ___
Class B: ___
Class C: ___
0-25
26-75
76-200
When the tunnel test is run at UL inc, smoke developed is also measured and indexed. Materials with smoke developed ratings of ___ or more can be expected to generate substantial amounts of smoke.
300 or more
The ___, Radiant Panel Flame Spread Test. Samples for this test measure only ___ by ___ inches.
ASTM E-162
6” by 18”
The corner test developed by FM Approvals uses walls up to ___ feet high, the East wall is ___ long, and the South wall is more than ___ long.
25’
50’
37’
The Critical Radiant Flux Test, NFPA ___, measures a materials ability to resist flame spread.
NFPA 253
The ___ the CRF number, the less flammable the carpeting.
Higher
When regulated, the model building and fire codes consider two classes of interior floor finish ratings.
Class 1: CRF minimum ___
Class 2: CRF minimum ___
Greater than or equal to 0.45 watt/sq. cm
Greater than or equal to 0.22 watt/sq. cm
2008 UL Inc report “Strutural Stability of Engineered Lumber in Fire Conditions”…. In a simulated basement fire involving exposed lightweight I-beams, collapse occurred in a mere ___ minutes.
6:03
2008 UL Inc report “Strutural Stability of Engineered Lumber in Fire Conditions”…. The legacy 2x10 beam construction outlasted lightweight construction by a ___ margin.
3:1
Fire walls, typically ___ hour fire resistance rated.
2-4
Fire partitions, typically ___ hour fire resistance rated.
1
Fire barriers, typically ___ hour fire resistance rated.
1-2
Fire doors can have fire protection ratings from ___ to ___.
20 minutes to 3 hours
Fire doors may close by any of three methods.
1.
2.
3.
Swinging
Sliding
Rolling
Two types of fire door closure devices.
1.
2.
Self-closing
Automatic
Multiple fire doors are AKA ___.
“leafs”
___ - creating fire areas no larger than one floor.
Compartmentation
Self closing fire doors may use fusible links rated at ___.
165°F
With the exception of a deluge system, sprinkler systems are designed with only a certain number of sprinklers to be operating at one time, not the entire system. The design would anticipate anywhere from ___ sprinklers.
4-50
It is estimated that there are over ___ incentives in the IBC for sprinkler use.
200
Some cities require sprinkler for basements in excess of a certain size, usually ___.
2,500 sq ft.
A single sprinkler flowed for 15 minutes would flow about ___ gallons.
500 gallons
Sprinkler piping is hydrostatically tested after installation for ___ hour at ___ psi.
2 hours at 200 psi
The NFPA has no record of a multiple death fire(___ or more people) in a completely sprinklered building where the system was operating properly.
3 or more
As much as ___ % of recent library fires were due to arson.
85%
Sprinklers should not be shut down as long as ___ is falling down.
“Hot water”
Outside building inspections: sprinkler…
When a pump is installed, a manifold for testing the fire pump is usually provided. Each ___ inch outlet indicates ___ ppm.
2 1/2”
250 gpm
ESFR sprinklers discharge a larger quantity of water, as much as ___ gpm per sprinkler in some cases.
100 gpm
The orifice size of an ESFR sprinkler is ___ in size; conventional sprinklers have ___ openings.
3/4”
1/2”
ESFR sprinklers can protect rack storage of high density plastics up to ___ in height without the use of in rack sprinklers.
25’
Typically, a single riser can cover an area up to ___ for most occupancies with a limitation of ___ for high-pooled stock warehouses and extra hazard occupancies.
52,000 sq ft.
40,000 sq ft.
Class 1 and 3 standpipe systems provide ___ ppm at ___ psi at each hose valve.
250 gpm
100 psi
Class 2 standpipe systems provide ___ gpm at ___ psi.
100 gpm
65 psi
A realistic estimate between alarm time and start of extinguishment in a high-rise building is ___ .
20 minutes
The piping of some sprinkler systems in high-rise buildings may be limited in terms of its working pressure, providing only as little as ___ psi.
200 psi
A standard hydraulic formula adds ___ psi for the standpipe itself and ___ psi per floor.
25 psi
5 psi
If the female swivel is rusted and won’t turn, twist the 2 1/2” supply hose ___ turns counterclockwise before connecting.
4-5
