Chapter 3 Flashcards
It wasn’t until the great Baltimore fire in ___, that there was a national push for the development of a modern building code.
1904
Most building codes are not retroactive, meaning that previously built building do not have to comply with the most current regulations in your community. These buildings are called ___.
“existing non-conforming”
Regulates the activities that take place in existing building.
Fire codes
Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA); set of regulations passed in ___>
1990
All building have three structural components.
1.
2.
3.
Superstructure
Substructure
Foundation
While small pre fab building have been in existence for more than 150 years, it wasn’t until after WW2 that ___ really became popular.
Modular construction
Ammonia is explosive in concentrations of ___ to ___ %.
15-25%
Board: ___ inch nominal thickness.
Less than or equal to 2”
Dimensional lumber: ___ inch nominal thickness.
2-4”
Timber: ___ inch nominal thickness.
Greater than or equal to 5”
Nominal thickness is the thickness of the lumber prior to drying in a kiln at the lumber mill. A 2x4 for exempt actually measures ___.
1.5x3.5”
Wood varies greatly in its ___, depending on the direction in which the load is applied.
Compressive strength
Plywood is manufactured with the grain of alternate plies laid at ___.
Right angles
Oriented strand board is another example but the strands are much smaller, ___, which makes OSB cheaper than plywood.
3-4 inches
___ : thin wood veneers laid parallel to the length of the member.
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
___ : long veneers laid parallel, but in more random arrangements.
Parallel strand lumber (PSL)
___ : similar to OSB but with longer, 12 inch flaked wood strands.
Laminated strand board (LSL)
Another masonry unit is the hollow-core concrete masonry unit. This is the typical _ by_ inch concrete block, or cinder block.
8x16”
Concrete is a mixture of ___, ___, and ___.
Portland cement, water, and aggregates
In reinforced concrete, concrete provides the ___ strength, while steel provides the ___ strength.
compressive strength… tensile strength
___ is almost equally strong in compression and tension.
Steel
___ is only tested in tension.
Steel
Aerated autoclave concrete is a special type of lightweight concrete, ___ the weight of traditional concrete.
1/4
Wrought iron, an expensive metal at the time, is malleable and contains little carbon, ___ %.
0.2%
Cast iron, is a very brittle material with high carbon content, ___ %.
3-4%
Structural steel, in common use today, is an alloy composed of iron and carbon (___%).
Less than or equal to 2%
Structural steel fails at about ___.
1,000-1,100°F
Cold drawn steel, such as cables, fails at ___.
800°F
Some codes require that some windows in high-rise building be made of breakable glass. These are sometimes marked with a ___ for identification purposes.
Maltese cross
Glass was broken in more than ___ building in OKC from the Murrah Bombing.
250
___ plastic backing were added to gypsum board to increase its impact resistant for many years.
Polycarbonate
“Green materials”… ___ is taking the place of rebar in some homes.
Bamboo
The shape of a material affects its ability to resist a ___ load or a ___ one.
compressive load…. deflective load
___ is bending that combines both compression and tension.
Deflection
Shape is not a consideration in ___ loads.
Tensile
Because of the dangers of falling glass, I.C.’s should establish a ___ safety zone at high-rise fires.
200’
