Chapter 2

Question 1

NFPA ___ : Building Construction and Safety Code

Answer 1

5000

Question 2

An external force that acts on a structure is called a ___.

Answer 2

Load

Question 3

The internal forces that resist the load are called ___ and ___.

Answer 3

Stress and Strain

Question 4

___ is the force per unit area that produces a deformation.

Answer 4

Stress

Question 5

___ is the actual percentage of elongation (deformation) that occurs when a material is stressed. It is measured in fractions per inch of original length the material.

Answer 5

Strain

Question 6

___ is a term meaning 1,000 pounds.

Answer 6

KIP

Question 7

___ is the weight of the building itself and any equipment permanently attached to it or built in. A more accurate term is ___.

Answer 7

Dead Load

Self-weight

Question 8

___ are any loads other than dead loads.

Answer 8

Live loads

Question 9

Washington, D.C., Knickerbocker theatre in 1922; its roof caved in after a ___ snowfall.

Answer 9

28”

Question 10

Water weighs ___ a gallon, so a 1,000 gpm master stream can add over ___ tons of water in just 1 minute.

Answer 10

8.34 pounds

4 tons

Question 11

___ is a particular hazard in the construction of concrete frame buildings.

Answer 11

Progressive collapse

Question 12

The term ___ refers to a force causing rotation of a structural member around a fixed point of connection, where the force is applied some distance from the fixed point.

Answer 12

Moment

Question 13

Heat release rate, HRR, can also be expressed as ___, indicates the rate of available energy released.

Answer 13

Q’

Question 14

The basic measurement of caloric value is the ___.

Answer 14

BTU… British thermal unit

Question 15

Wood, paper, and similar materials have an estimated caloric values of ___.

Answer 15

8,000 btu/lb

Question 16

Plastics and combustable liquids have an estimated caloric value of ___.

Answer 16

16,000 btu/lb

Question 17

HRR or Q’ is usually expressed in terms of ___, ___, or ___.

Answer 17

watts (W), kilowatts (KW), or megawatts (MW)

Question 18

For example, a typical polyurethane sofa fire has a peak HRR of approximately ___.

Answer 18

3,120 KW

Question 19

The ___ represents the ratio of strength of the material just before failure to the safe working stress.

Answer 19

Safety factor

Question 20

The ___ is only a fraction of the tested strength of the material.

Answer 20

Design load

Question 21

Steel, which is made under controlled conditions, has a safety factor of ___.

Answer 21

2

Question 22

Masonry constructed in place might have a safety factor of ___.

Answer 22

10

Question 23

All elements of a ___ must react together if there is to be no failure.

Answer 23

Composite material

Question 24

The ___ is probably the oldest structural member.

Answer 24

Beam

Question 25

The definition of a beam does not consider its ___, that is, its vertical or horizontal orientation.

Answer 25

Attitutde

Question 26

When a beam is loaded, it deflect or bends ___.

Answer 26

Downward

Question 27

A 1x4 inch beam spanning 6 feet can carry ___ pounds.

Answer 27

533

Question 28

A 1x8 inch beam spanning 6 feet can carry ___ pounds.

Answer 28

2,133

Question 29

A 1x16 inch beam spanning 6 feet can carry ___ pounds.

Answer 29

8,533

Question 30

The almost universal spacing for sawn wooden beams in ordinary construction is ___ inches.

Answer 30

16

Question 31

The Alfred P. Murrah federal office building in OKC was destroyed in a terrorist attack in ___.

Answer 31

1995

Question 32

The ___ of a beam can simply be described as that load that will bend or break the beam.

Answer 32

Bending moment

Question 33

Length of a gusset plates teeth.

Answer 33

0.375 inches

Question 34

Any structural member that is ___ is governed by the laws of columns, despite its attitude.

Answer 34

Compressively loaded

Question 35

A ___ is the floor area between any two bents.

Answer 35

Bay

Question 36

A ___ is a line of columns in any direction.

Answer 36

Bent

Question 37

Very long, thin columns are known as ___ columns.

Answer 37

Euler’s Law

Question 38

Veneer walls, panel walls, and partitions walls are examples of ___ walls.

Answer 38

Non-load-bearing

Question 39

The terms panel walls and curtain walls are often used interchangeably to describe non load bearing walls of framed building. Technically, panel walls are ___ in height and curtain walls are ___.

Answer 39

One story… more than one story

Question 40

A ___ is a wall typically found in the top floor of a wood frame home with a peaked roof. It is ___ foot high wall and “squares off” the triangular area at the edge of the room where the sloping roof meets the floor.

Answer 40

Knee wall

2-3 foot

Question 41

Rain penetrating the outer wythe of cavity or hollow walls, drains down the cavity to ___ at the bottom.

Answer 41

Weep holes

Question 42

The ___ combines the function of the beam and column.

Answer 42

Arch

Question 43

The arch is under ___ along its entire length.

Answer 43

Compression

Question 44

The ___ is the last stone set in place in an arch, but once in place, it is no more important that the other stones (voussoirs).

Answer 44

Keystone

Question 45

Arches can have one, two, or three ___, that is, points at which the arch changes direction.

Answer 45

Hinges

Question 46

Wide areas can be spanned with extraordinarily thin shells… shells can be less than ___ thick.

Answer 46

2 inches

Question 47

The ___ is a shell. It can also be considered a three dimensional arch.

Answer 47

Dome

Question 48

All loads are delivered to the ground through the ___.

Answer 48

Foundation

Question 49

___ was used exclusively in masonry work until about 1880.

Answer 49

Sand-lime mortar

Question 50

Steel heated to 1,000°F elongates ___ per 100’ of length.

Answer 50

9 1/2”

Question 51

Unprotected steel rods or cables(which fail at ___) are often used to tie failing building together or to provide additional resistance to earthquake movement.

Answer 51

800°F

Question 52

A residential structure will usually be designed for a floor load of about ___ psf.

Answer 52

30-40

Question 53

Modern fire boats can supply well over ___ gpm with some monitors throwing ___ to ___ gpm per turret.

Answer 53

20,000

5,000 to 7,000

Question 54

The proper way to breach a masonry wall is to open a ___.

Answer 54

Triangular hole