CHAPTER 6 Flashcards
to have
가지다 — 갖다
[ 가지다 ]
- would translate as to have
- literally means “to carry” or “to hold something”
- it may translate as “to have” but it’s completely different with 있다
- used with 을/를
- noun(을/를) + 가지다
- it’s specifying that you have something currently with you right now
- used with progressive tense 고 있다 (가지고 있다)
- 저는 돈을 가져요
- it means you currently have money on you right now
- literally translate to im holding/carrying money right now
- translate to i have money
[ 갖다 ]
- just shortened version of 가지다 both have the exact same meaning
- slightly less formal than 가지다
- 갖고 있어요
to be absent
결석하다
to stick
to attach
to post
to label
붙이다
to use
사용하다
- I will make metaphor on this.
- 사용하다 / 이용하다 comes from Chinese origin, like Latin origin in English. they are a little bit “decent” way of talking.
- 쓰다 is Korean traditional word. So you can now guess the differences. 쓰다 is more common word in our daily life than 사용하다 / 이용하다
- 사용하다/이용하다 used in more formal way of talking than 쓰다. We can say “대중교통을 사용하다/이용하다” which means “to use public transportation”, but we can’t say 대중교통을 쓰다” which sounds odd.
- As the difference btwn 사용하다/이용하다, 이용하다 has also a meaning of “take advantage of someone/something”. You can say 친구를 이용하여 이익을 챙기다/make some profit by taking advantage of a friend,
but you can’t say 친구를 사용하여 이익을 챙기다 ; Your friend is not a tool or something to be utilized.
- You can easily imagine this kind of word relationships by thinking of the difference like between “manufacture”(from Latin) and “make”(from Old English).. Eastern and Western language have common sense like this kind of usages.. :)
—
to act
to postpone / delay
연기하다
— to postpone / delay
미루다 is pure Korean word and 연기하다 is from Chinese word.(延期+하다)
They both mean to postpone, but 미루다 is informal and 연기하다 is formal. So when you use 미루다, the objective can be almost everything you decide to cope with later. On the other hand, 연기하다 is generally about some sort of official events or schedules.
advertisement
관고
that day
그날
date
날짜
notepad
메모지
information
안내
정보 means all kinds of information.
안내 means informaion of some places.
Ex)
There’s an information about this museum in this catalog. -안내
There’s are so much information on the Internet. -정보
You can use 정보 instead 안내, but using 안내 instead 정보 can be awkward.
leaflet
brochure
책자
information leaflet
information brochure
안내 책자
fax
팩스
lounge
휴게실
to give homework
to submit homework
숙제를 내다
hand in my homework 내 숙제를 내다(제출하다)
assign students homework 학생들에게 숙제를 내다
business trip
출장
soup
nation / country
국
There are two differnt meaning.
One is the soup, like 된장국, 미역국, 김칫국.. It is Korean traditional food, usually eating with rice.
Another meaning is nation, like 태국, 미국, 중국, 영국. ‘국’ comes from Chinese character, means nation in Korean.
—
free
무료
무료 free charge(formal word)
공짜(casual word. It seems to additional service for me)
ex. 책을 구매하시면, 사은품을 무료로 드립니다.
핸드폰을 구매하시면, 핸드폰 케이스가 무료입니다.
나 이거 공짜로 받았다~~
얘들아, 오늘 떡볶이 공짜래!!!!!
공짜 is casual word, so it would not be written in official notice or information
side dish
반찬
spoon
숟가락
table (for eating/dining table)
식탁
etiquette
manners
예의
chopsticks
젓가락
stew
찌개
individual plate
개인 접시
then
so
if (that) so
그러면
— 그럼 is the shortened form and is usually used in casual speaking and writing
young age
나이가 어리다
to raise one’s hand
손을 들다
the feed is served
the food came out
음식이 나오다
to get up from one’s seat
자리에서 일어나다
a seat
a place to put something
pure Korean word which means “room (for), space (for),position, location, seat,
place”
자리
자리 is a pure Korean word which means “room (for), space (for),position, location, seat,
place”
좌석(座席) is a
Sino-Korean word which means “seat
—
to blow one’s nose
코를 풀다
private lesson
개인 수업
performance
공연
rules
규칙
mood
ambiance
atmosphere
분위기
choice
선택
a play
연극
graduation ceremony
졸업식
to take a class
수업을 듣다
너는 무슨 수업을 듣니? what class are you taking?
나는 한국어 수업을 듣다.
im taking korean classes
— or more
that number or more
이상
이상 that number or more
3년 이상 is 3 years or more
— 5명 이상 means 5명, 6명, 7명, 10명, 100명, 327명 and so on.
It means 5 people or more in English
이하 that number or less
3년 이하 is 3 years or less
— 30명 이하 means 30명, 29명, 28명, 25명, 18명, 10명, 5명, 1명, etc.
— 30명 이하 means 30 people or less, or 30 people or lower than that
—
In short, 이상 and 이하 is used when you include the number you mentioned, and 초과 and 미만 is used when you don’t want to include that number
—
이상 and 이하 is always inclusive.
초과 and 미만 is always not inclusive.
to be free
자유럽다
The expression “자유롭다” is more concentrated on the original meaning of freedom.
Of course, I can say “I’m free tomorrow(저 내일 자유로워요),”
but other more natural expressions like “I have plenty of time tomorrow(저 내일 시간 많아요)”
and “저 내일 한가해요” are better.
자유롭다
Not confined or suppressed. Having freedom to do something
한가하다 Having a lot of time with nothing to do How To Use A: 어제는 진짜 한가했어요 we was really free from works yesterday B: 제발 오늘도 한가하길… I wish we won’t have much work today too
A: 내일 시간 되요?
Do you have time tomorrow?
B: 내일은 바쁘고 주말에는 한가해요
I’m busy tomorrow and free at this weekend
to take (carry / hold) something to someone
가지고 가다 — 가져가다
to bring (carry / hold) something to someone
가지고 오다 — 가져오다
staff
직원
theater (for plays)
극장
